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Diabetes is more than just a medical condition; it's a complex challenge that affects nearly 4 million Canadians. To shed light on the emotional and social landscapes navigated by individuals living with diabetes, Diabetes Canada recently published a groundbreaking report titled Social Experiences of Living with Diabetes in Canada . This national survey highlights the stigma, judgement, and discrimination that many face, offering critical insights into their everyday lives. Introduction to the Report The aim of the report is clear: to reshape the narrative surrounding diabetes and to foster greater empathy and understanding. By collecting data from over 1,800 participants—1,013 with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 786 with type 1 diabetes (T1D)—the survey delves deep into the multifaceted experiences of those living with this chronic illness. Conducted between August 18 and November 15, 2023, the survey provides a comprehensive view of the stigma associated with diabetes, as well as the emotional toll it takes on individuals. Key Findings: The Weight of Stigma Blame and Shame One of the most troubling findings of the report is the overwhelming sense of blame and shame experienced by individuals with diabetes. 86% of people with T1D and 69% of those with T2D reported feeling blamed for their condition, often facing unfair assumptions about their lifestyle choices. Misconceptions about diabetes—particularly the idea that it is a "lifestyle disease"—perpetuate stigma and can lead to feelings of isolation. Moreover, 54% of individuals with T1D and 31% of those with T2D indicated that they have been treated differently due to their diabetes. These statistics are not just numbers; they reflect the painful reality of judgement and discrimination that impacts daily life and mental health. Emotional Distress Living with diabetes also brings emotional challenges. According to the report, 46% of individuals with T1D and 31% of those with T2D reported experiencing significant distress related to their condition. This distress is often tied to the worry about managing complications, the burden of constant self-monitoring, and the fear of judgement from others. Seeking Support The report reveals that many individuals with diabetes are hesitant to seek support or share their needs. 60% of those with T1D and 77% of those with T2D never or rarely participate in community activities aimed at improving care. This reluctance is often compounded by the stigma attached to their condition, further isolating them from potential sources of support. The Impact on Quality of Life The consequences of living with diabetes extend beyond physical health. Individuals reported significant negative impacts on various aspects of life, including emotional well-being, relationships, and leisure activities. Many expressed feelings of restriction, stating that diabetes limits their freedom to enjoy social gatherings or engage in sports due to concerns about managing their blood sugar levels. The following facets of life were most impacted by diabetes: Moving Forward: Changing the Conversation The report highlights the urgent need for education, understanding, and empathy to dismantle the stigma surrounding diabetes. It calls upon everyone—family members, friends, colleagues, and the general public—to actively challenge misconceptions and support those living with diabetes. Education : Informing the public about the realities of diabetes can break down harmful stereotypes and promote understanding. Empathy: Encouraging open conversations about diabetes can create a safe space for individuals to share their experiences without fear of judgement. Support : It is essential to create supportive environments where individuals with diabetes feel comfortable seeking help and expressing their needs. The Social Experiences of Living with Diabetes in Canada report is a wake-up call for all of us. By fostering understanding and empathy, we can create a more supportive society for the millions living with diabetes. Diabetes Canada is committed to changing the narrative, improving quality of life, and advocating for the needs of those affected by this condition. Together, we can work towards a future free from stigma and discrimination. To learn more about how to contribute to this vital conversation, visit Diabetes Canada’s initiative . Together, we can make a meaningful difference in the lives of those living with diabetes in Canada. Image Credits: Diabetes Canada

On March 21, 2024, Calgary, Alberta became the focal point for advancing equitable healthcare with the first-ever *Western Canada Diabetes Health Equity Summit*, hosted by Diabetes Canada. This landmark event, supported by the Public Health Agency of Canada, gathered 25 participants from across British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba to share their experiences, successes, and challenges in tackling the growing issue of diabetes, with a particular focus on health equity. A Call for Health Equity in Diabetes Care Diabetes is a rapidly growing public health issue, with more than four million Canadians currently living with the condition. The burden of this disease disproportionately affects marginalized populations, including racialized communities, people experiencing homelessness, and those impacted by the social determinants of health (SDOH). Recognizing the importance of a systemic, inclusive approach, the summit aimed to spotlight health equity and its role in diabetes care, prevention, and management. As part of the three-year project Sustaining Momentum to Implement the Diabetes Framework (SMIDF), this summit represented a step forward in applying the principles of the Framework for Diabetes in Canada to practical healthcare initiatives. Figure taken from the Diabetes Canada report Multi-Sectoral Collaboration: The Key to Progress Participants at the summit hailed from diverse sectors including healthcare professionals, diabetes and health equity researchers, non-governmental organizations, and crown corporations. The cross-sectoral approach was essential to address the varying layers of diabetes care, especially when considering health equity. By bringing together a diverse group of stakeholders, the summit aimed to: Share successes and challenges in applying health equity principles to diabetes care, Identify barriers in access to diabetes diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, particularly in vulnerable communities, Highlight innovative and successful approaches to equitable diabetes care, Explore the next steps to implementing a systems-level health equity approach across all diabetes programs. Insights from the Summit The discussions covered a wide range of topics, all centered around the core theme of health equity. Key presentations focused on: Culturally Competent Diabetes Care: Ensuring care systems are tailored to meet the cultural needs of Black and South Asian communities in Canada. The Impact of Diabetes on Homeless Populations: Addressing the unique healthcare challenges faced by people without stable housing. The Role of Nutrition Policy: Exploring how nutrition interventions and policy can reduce the risk of diabetes, particularly in underserved communities. The summit reinforced the idea that a “one-size-fits-all” approach to diabetes care doesn’t work, especially when cultural, economic, and social factors deeply influence health outcomes. Challenges and Barriers Despite the progress highlighted at the summit, several barriers were identified as limiting equitable diabetes care across Western Canada: Inconsistent Funding: Participants emphasized the critical need for sustained financial support to ensure the ongoing success of equity-based diabetes programs. Government Involvement: Stronger government participation at both the local and federal levels is necessary to drive systemic changes. Community Investment: Support for community-driven initiatives was seen as crucial to ensuring the long-term sustainability of diabetes care programs. Looking Ahead: The Next Steps As a result of the summit, several clear actions were outlined to drive forward the principles of health equity within the context of diabetes care. Some of the key next steps include: Ongoing Networking and Knowledge Sharing: Continued collaboration between healthcare providers, researchers, NGOs, and other stakeholders will be vital in creating a shared understanding of best practices in equitable diabetes care. Community Engagement: It’s essential to involve the communities most affected by diabetes in the conversation, to ensure their voices are heard, and their needs are met in policy development and program design. Systems-Level Approach: Incorporating health equity into the core framework of diabetes care and prevention efforts is a long-term goal. Stakeholders must work toward integrating these principles at every level of healthcare, from primary care settings to specialized diabetes management programs. The Diabetes Framework for Canada: A National Strategy for Change A significant focus of the summit was on the Diabetes Framework for Canada , introduced in 2022. This framework provides a comprehensive approach to managing diabetes in Canada, focusing on six interconnected components: 1. Prevention 2. Management, Treatment, and Care 3. Research 4. Surveillance and Data Collection 5. Learning and Knowledge Sharing 6. Access to Diabetes Devices, Medicines, and Financial Support. The Diabetes Framework serves as the national policy direction for addressing diabetes and its associated healthcare challenges. By identifying gaps, reducing duplication, and fostering collaboration between stakeholders, it provides the government with an opportunity to monitor and assess progress in diabetes care. Building Momentum for Health Equity in Diabetes Care The Western Canada Diabetes Health Equity Summit laid the groundwork for a more inclusive and equitable approach to diabetes care. By fostering multi-sectoral collaboration and emphasizing the critical role of health equity, the summit participants have taken meaningful steps toward improving diabetes outcomes for all Canadians, particularly those in marginalized communities. As the Sustaining Momentum to Implement the Diabetes Framework project moves forward, the lessons learned from this summit will serve as a valuable guide for future initiatives. By keeping health equity at the forefront, Canada can create a healthcare system where everyone, regardless of their background or circumstances, has access to the care and resources they need to live healthy, fulfilling lives.

Film Screening: "Low" On November 27th, the Type 2 Diabetes Network will co-host a special screening of the short film Low , in partnership with the BC Diabetes Research Network. This 40-minute film sheds light on the challenges of managing diabetes while experiencing homelessness, drawing from the real-life stories of the Calgary Diabetes Advocacy Committee (CDAC). Watch the trailer Where: BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue When : Wednesday, November 27th at 6:30 PM (Reception to follow) Who: Open to anyone 19+ interested in learning more about supporting people with diabetes and homelessness. Join the Type 2 Diabetes Network! The Type 2 Diabetes Network is a collaborative initiative of healthcare professionals, researchers, and organizations committed to improving diabetes outcomes across British Columbia. As a member, you’ll have access to events, educational sessions, and innovative resources—all at no cost. Partner Event: 36th Annual Diabetes Directors Seminar The Endocrine Research Society will host the 36th Diabetes Directors Seminar on Friday, October 18, 2024. This full-day event brings together experts in diabetes care and is perfect for specialists, family physicians, nurses, dietitians, pharmacists, and diabetes educators. Don’t miss out—register now for the latest insights into diabetes therapeutics and clinical care.

Recent research from the University of Surrey has revealed concerning links between a preference for sugary foods and increased health risks, including depression, diabetes, and stroke. Published in the Journal of Translational Medicine , this study draws on anonymized data from 180,000 participants in the UK Biobank and utilizes artificial intelligence to categorize individuals into three distinct dietary profiles: Health-conscious, Omnivore, and Sweet Tooth. Understanding the Dietary Profiles 1. Health-conscious : Individuals in this group prefer fruits and vegetables over processed and sweet foods. 2. Omnivore : This group enjoys a variety of foods, including meats, fish, vegetables, and sweets. 3. Sweet Tooth : Participants in this profile show a strong preference for sweet foods and sugary beverages, often neglecting healthier options. Using data on blood samples measuring 2,923 proteins and 168 metabolites, the research team aimed to uncover biological differences among these groups. Proteins play crucial roles in various bodily functions, from muscle contractions to immune responses, while metabolites provide insights into metabolic processes. Key Findings Professor Nophar Geifman , the study’s senior author and Professor of Health and Biomedical Informatics at the University of Surrey, highlighted significant findings: - Individuals classified as having a "sweet tooth" are 31% more likely to experience depression compared to their health-conscious counterparts. - This group also exhibited elevated rates of diabetes and vascular heart conditions. - The Sweet Tooth group showed increased levels of C-reactive protein, a marker for inflammation , as well as higher glucose levels and poor lipid profiles—indicators that raise concerns for diabetes and heart disease. Conversely, those in the health-conscious category, who had higher dietary fiber intake, demonstrated reduced risks for heart failure, chronic kidney diseases, and stroke. The omnivores fell somewhere in between, facing moderate health risks. The Role of Sugar in Diet According to the British Nutrition Foundation , free sugars—defined as sugars added to foods or drinks—account for 9% to 12.5% of an individual's daily caloric intake in the UK. The leading contributors include biscuits, cakes, pastries, and sugary beverages. As Professor Geifman notes, “Processed sugar is a key factor in the diet of many, and these results are further evidence that we should be mindful of our food choices. Our role is to inform people about these potential health impacts rather than dictate what they should eat.” Summary This research underscores the critical need for greater awareness of the health implications associated with dietary preferences, particularly concerning sugar consumption. By recognizing the links between food choices and health outcomes, individuals can make more informed decisions that may positively impact their overall well-being . To explore more about this study and its findings, refer to the full journal article .

Diabetes is a growing health concern worldwide, and Canada is no exception. With Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Week 2024 in the UK highlighting alarming statistics, it’s time to take a closer look at the current situation in Canada and explore ways to support those at risk and living with the condition. The Rising Tide of Type 2 Diabetes in the UK A recent report from Diabetes UK has brought attention to a troubling trend: the number of people under 40 diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is rising at an unprecedented rate. In fact, diagnoses among this age group have surged by 40% between 2016-17 and 2022-23, with nearly 168,000 people now affected. The report highlights that those from disadvantaged backgrounds and specific ethnic groups—particularly Black and South Asian populations—are disproportionately impacted. A Parallel Situation in Canada Canada faces similar challenges. According to Diabetes Canada, more than 11.7 million Canadians are living with diabetes or prediabetes, and like the UK, younger generations are increasingly affected. In fact, one in three Canadians is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and socioeconomic disparities play a significant role in determining who is most vulnerable. Indigenous populations, as well as other racialized and low-income communities, face higher rates of diabetes, mirroring the inequalities seen in the UK. Tackling the Root Causes The report from Diabetes UK emphasizes that the environment we live in—where junk food is more accessible than healthy alternatives and physical activity can be a luxury—plays a major role in the rise of type 2 diabetes. Canada, too, grapples with an “obesogenic environment.” Affordable, nutritious food is often out of reach for many, especially in remote or under-resourced areas, contributing to rising obesity rates—a key risk factor for type 2 diabetes. What Can Canada Learn? Diabetes UK’s call for bold action can inspire similar initiatives in Canada. These include: Promoting access to healthy foods: Improving the availability and affordability of nutritious food in every community. Creating supportive environments for physical activity: Ensuring every child has access to green spaces and opportunities to be active. Targeted prevention programs: Expanding programs that focus on those most at risk, such as Indigenous communities and people from low-income backgrounds. Community Support is Key Living with diabetes, or being at risk, can feel overwhelming. Whether newly diagnosed or managing the condition for years, support is essential. In Canada, organizations like Diabetes Canada and local community health centers provide vital resources. Joining a support group, whether in person or online, can connect you with others who share similar experiences. Engaging with others who understand the challenges of diabetes management can offer comfort and practical advice. Take Charge of Your Health Preventing and managing type 2 diabetes starts with understanding your risk. Diabetes Canada offers tools similar to Diabetes UK’s “Know Your Risk” tool, like CANRISK . These can help you assess your personal risk factors and take the necessary steps to lower them. Small lifestyle changes, like increasing physical activity and making healthier food choices, can significantly reduce your chances of developing diabetes or help manage the condition effectively. For those already diagnosed, accessing the right care is crucial. Programs like the Self-Management BC Diabetes Prevention Program and The National Indigenous Diabetes Association in British Columbia are available to offer support tailored to specific community needs. Type 2 diabetes doesn’t have to define your future. By raising awareness and taking action now, we can work towards reversing the growing trend of diabetes in Canada, just as Diabetes UK is calling for in the UK. Reach out to your local healthcare providers, stay informed about prevention strategies, and find the support you need to live well with diabetes. Resources: Self-Management BC is a provincial program that empowers individuals with chronic conditions, including diabetes, to take control of their health through workshops and resources focused on self-care, lifestyle changes, and peer support. The National Indigenous Diabetes Association (NIDA) is dedicated to addressing diabetes in Indigenous communities across Canada by promoting awareness, prevention, and culturally appropriate care through education, resources, and advocacy. Diabetes Canada : Offers resources, education, and support programs. Know Your Risk Tool: The quick CANRISK assessment to understand your diabetes risk. Diabetes UK : A leading charity that provides support, advocacy, and research for people affected by diabetes in the UK.

Film Screening: "Low" Save the date! On November 27th, the Type 2 Diabetes Network will co-host a special screening of the short film Low , in partnership with the BC Diabetes Research Network. This 40-minute film sheds light on the challenges of managing diabetes while experiencing homelessness, drawing from the real-life stories of the Calgary Diabetes Advocacy Committee (CDAC). Where:  BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue When : Wednesday, November 27th at 6:30 PM (Reception to follow) Who:  Open to anyone 19+ interested in learning more about supporting people with diabetes and homelessness. Join the Type 2 Diabetes Network! The Type 2 Diabetes Network is a collaborative initiative of healthcare professionals, researchers, and organizations committed to improving diabetes outcomes across British Columbia. As a member, you’ll have access to events, educational sessions, and innovative resources—all at no cost.

November is Diabetes Awareness Month , a crucial time to educate ourselves about the challenges faced by those living with diabetes and to advocate for increased support. Every three minutes , someone in Canada is diagnosed with diabetes, a condition that impacts millions of people globally. Despite its widespread prevalence, diabetes remains an often invisible condition that demands constant management, from blood sugar monitoring to medication and lifestyle adjustments. For people living with diabetes, there is rarely a time off from managing their health. Why Diabetes Awareness Month Matters Diabetes Awareness Month is part of the broader Global Diabetes Month, observed internationally to raise awareness about the condition’s impact. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) , diabetes is one of the leading causes of death globally, with over 400 million people affected. Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes both require daily attention, yet many people don’t understand the emotional, financial, and physical toll this condition takes. By dedicating a month to diabetes awareness, we have an opportunity to educate ourselves and others about prevention, care, and support systems for those living with diabetes. The goal is to foster understanding and create a compassionate environment for people with diabetes. It also emphasizes the need for more research, better healthcare policies, and accessible care options. The Realities of Living with Diabetes Managing diabetes requires ongoing effort. It is a constant cycle of monitoring blood glucose levels, administering insulin, and making lifestyle choices to maintain balance. According to Diabetes Canada, people with diabetes are two to three times more likely to experience depression , which is compounded by the stress of managing a chronic condition. This is why it’s so important to have strong support systems and to foster open dialogue about the emotional and mental health aspects of living with diabetes. By participating in Diabetes Awareness Month, we can better understand the full scope of living with diabetes, from the physical to the emotional toll it takes on individuals and their families. This month is a call to action to educate, support, and empower those affected by diabetes. Get Involved: Spill the Diabetea One of the most impactful ways to raise awareness during Diabetes Awareness Month is by participating in the Spill the Diabetea campaign. This initiative encourages individuals to share their personal stories and experiences living with or caring for someone with diabetes on social media. Here’s how you can get involved: Pick Your Platform: Choose from Facebook, Instagram, or X (Twitter). Post Your Story: Share a photo or video of your experience living with diabetes, and use hashtags like #SpilltheDiabetea, #DiabetesAwarenessMonth, and #LetsMakeTime. Tag @DiabetesCanada to help spread the message. Get Featured: Posts with the above hashtags and tag may be reshared by Diabetes Canada, amplifying your voice and helping raise awareness. This is a great way to create a ripple effect of knowledge and understanding that can directly impact how we all view and approach diabetes. Learn More and Access Valuable Resources Throughout November, Diabetes Canada offers several ways for individuals to learn more and get involved: Online Cooking and Nutrition Series : Explore diabetes-friendly recipes through interactive cooking classes that promote healthy, manageable eating. World Diabetes Day (November 14) : Join in on global celebrations and educational events like those at Banting House, where the discovery of insulin took place. Educational Resources: Access video series and written materials that cover everything from understanding diabetes to managing the condition day-to-day. Support Diabetes Research and Advocacy In addition to raising awareness, Diabetes Awareness Month is a chance to support research, education, and advocacy. Diabetes Canada offers opportunities to donate towards finding a cure for diabetes and improving the quality of life for those living with it. Donations help fund initiatives focused on research, advocacy, and support services. Every dollar helps make a tangible difference in the lives of people living with diabetes. The Global Perspective Diabetes Awareness Month also serves to highlight the global urgency of addressing diabetes. According to projections from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) , by 2045, approximately 783 million adults, or 1 in 8 people, will be living with diabetes. This represents a significant 46% increase in the global prevalence of the condition. With such alarming statistics, it is essential that we not only raise awareness in our communities but also advocate for global healthcare reforms that can reduce the burden of diabetes and ensure better access to care worldwide. Take Action Today This November, let’s unite to better understand and support those who live with diabetes every day. Share stories, spread awareness, and donate to advance research. Together, we can help reduce the impact of this condition and work towards a future where diabetes is better managed and, eventually, cured. For more information, visit Diabetes Canada’s website , explore their resources, and get involved in the movement. By participating in Diabetes Awareness Month, you can help make a significant impact in raising awareness, creating understanding, and supporting those living with diabetes, not just in Canada, but globally. Let's make time to learn more and advocate for change this month and beyond.

Diabetes isn’t just a diagnosis; for some, it’s a generational story, a legacy that intertwines with personal experiences and cultural perceptions. For Lubna Aslam , a diabetes advocate and individual living with type 2 diabetes, this journey spans three generations. Her story, shared during Diabetes Awareness Month by Diabetes Canada , highlights the importance of knowledge, community, and empowerment in managing this condition. A Legacy of Lived Experience Lubna recalls her first encounters with diabetes through her grandmothers. As a child, she watched her maternal grandmother boil glass syringes and administer insulin. These early memories laid the foundation for her understanding of diabetes, shaping how she approached her own diagnosis years later. At 37, she was diagnosed with prediabetes, and by 38, it progressed to type 2 diabetes. The initial symptoms—chronic fatigue and exhaustion she attributed to the demands of parenting—were more than just life’s stresses. A visit to the doctor revealed the underlying cause: diabetes. Breaking Down Stigma For Lubna, navigating life with diabetes meant confronting not just the medical condition but also the stigma surrounding it. She speaks openly about the stereotypes people with diabetes face, from misconceptions about responsibility to misplaced blame. Her message is clear: “When we don’t talk about things we live with, we feed into the stigma.” By sharing her story, she hopes to inspire others to embrace transparency and empower themselves with accurate information. Knowledge Is Power Managing diabetes starts with access to reliable resources. Lubna encourages individuals to turn to trusted sources like Diabetes Canada for guidance. In a world filled with misinformation, understanding the realities of living with diabetes and the science behind its management is crucial. She emphasizes honoring the emotional weight of a diagnosis. While it’s normal to feel overwhelmed, the journey doesn’t end there. “Don’t stay down,” she says. Instead, focus on learning, connecting with others, and finding strength in community. Thriving with Support With over 4 million Canadians living with diabetes, Lubna reminds us of the vibrant network of individuals, healthcare providers, and researchers dedicated to supporting those with the condition. From accessing resources to leaning on friends and family, diabetes management is not a solo endeavor—it’s a collective effort. Her advice to those newly diagnosed: take time to process, connect with knowledgeable organizations like Diabetes Canada, and understand that managing diabetes isn’t just possible—it’s an opportunity to thrive. Join the Conversation This Diabetes Awareness Month, Lubna invites others to “make time to spill the diabetes.” Sharing stories not only fosters understanding but also builds a supportive community that champions awareness and acceptance. By raising your voice, connecting with others, and embracing your journey, you can help reshape the narrative around diabetes. Share your story on social media using #SpillTheDiabe tea and #DiabetesAwarenessMonth to join the movement. Diabetes isn’t just about managing blood sugar; it’s about reclaiming your life, breaking down barriers, and building a brighter future—one story at a time. Join us and Diabetes Canada with their Spill the Diabe tea initiative to raise awareness of Diabetes

Originally Published in Yale Medicine by Barbara Steinberger | October 27, 2023 Managing diabetes is a lifelong challenge that many face, yet few fully understand its gravity until the consequences become undeniable. My journey with Type 2 diabetes has been one of denial, poor management, and hard-learned lessons. Today, I share my story in hopes that others may recognize the importance of controlling this condition before complications take hold. A Wake-Up Call at 60 in the diabetes journey The day after my 60th birthday marked a turning point in my life. While celebrating with friends, I experienced what I later learned was a transient ischemic attack (TIA)—a "ministroke" caused by a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain. During dinner, I began speaking incoherently, unable to form the right words. My friends rushed me to the hospital, where, thankfully, the symptoms subsided within an hour, leaving no permanent damage. While I was relieved to recover physically, the emotional impact of that incident was profound. This was a stark reminder that I could no longer ignore my health. But this wake-up call wasn’t my first. It was merely the latest in a long series of warnings tied to my uncontrolled diabetes. The Early Years of Denial I was first diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes in 2006, in my mid-40s. Like many others, I initially underestimated the seriousness of the disease. Despite knowing that uncontrolled blood sugar levels could lead to severe complications, I continued indulging in sugary foods and ignored my prescribed medication regimen. I felt healthy and symptom-free, and in my mind, this justified my choices. What I didn’t realize at the time was that diabetes is a silent and insidious disease. Even when symptoms are not apparent, damage is happening behind the scenes. Over time, high blood sugar damages blood vessels and nerves, impacting multiple areas of the body. The Beginning of Complications The first noticeable sign of diabetes-related damage came in 2010, with a mild tingling in my feet—a condition known as peripheral neuropathy. At first, the sensation was barely noticeable, and I brushed it off. But over time, it worsened into numbness, reducing my ability to feel injuries or pain in my feet. Little did I know, this complication would put me at serious risk of infection and even amputation down the line. Years later, in 2016, I was diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy, an eye condition caused by blood vessel damage in the retina. I ignored my doctors’ recommendations to seek specialized care, falling back into denial. My vision started deteriorating a year later, prompting me to undergo regular eye injections to slow the progression of the disease. Though unpleasant, these treatments likely saved my eyesight. In 2017 and 2018, I was hospitalized twice for uncontrollable vomiting caused by suspected gastroparesis, another diabetes complication. High blood sugar had likely damaged the nerves governing my gastrointestinal system, leading to severe digestive issues. My blood sugar levels during these hospitalizations were dangerously high—around 500 mg/dl, compared to the recommended fasting level of about 100. In Canadian terms, the dangerously high blood sugar level was around 27.8 mmol/L, and the recommended fasting blood sugar level is approximately 5.6 mmol/L. A Close Call with Amputation Perhaps the most frightening complication came in 2020, when I developed an infected wound on my big toe. Due to the neuropathy in my feet, I didn’t feel any pain and only realized the severity of the infection when a friend pointed out that my foot was bleeding. By the time I sought medical care, the infection was severe, and I was told that amputation might be necessary if the wound didn’t heal. This was a pivotal moment for me. For the first time, I began to truly grasp the connection between my blood sugar levels and my body’s ability to heal. By following my doctor’s advice, taking my medications, and eating a proper diet, I managed to heal the wound and avoid losing my toe. However, my newfound commitment to managing my diabetes didn’t last. Once the immediate danger had passed, I fell back into my old habits. The Ministroke That Changed Everything The TIA I experienced in November 2021 was a breaking point. It wasn’t just the fear of another stroke; it was the realization that my diabetes was affecting every aspect of my health. By then, I was also dealing with muscle loss, balance problems, and severe weakness in my legs. Walking even short distances had become a struggle. My primary care doctor explained that these issues were likely tied to diabetes-related complications, including peripheral artery disease and diabetic myopathy. It was during my hospitalization for the TIA that I received another sobering diagnosis: stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD). Years of uncontrolled diabetes had damaged the tiny blood vessels in my kidneys, severely impairing their function. My nephrologist warned me that if I didn’t take drastic action, kidney failure—and the need for dialysis or a transplant—was inevitable. Turning Point: Taking Control The combination of the ministroke, CKD diagnosis, and my deteriorating mobility finally pushed me to take control of my health. With the support of my family, I began following a low-sugar, low-salt, and low-potassium diet. I took my medications as prescribed and started monitoring my blood sugar levels daily. I also sought therapy to address my emotional relationship with food, which had been a major barrier to managing my diabetes. " With the help of some 'tough love' from family and friends, I finally realized that if I didn’t change my ways, I would be an invalid—or dead—within a very short time," says Barbara Steinberger—the author of this article—on her struggles with diabetes management - originally posted on Yale Medicin e. For the first time in years, I saw measurable improvements. My A1C—a test that reflects average blood sugar levels over three months—dropped from a dangerously high 13.6 to 7.2. I’m now working to bring it below 7, the recommended target for people with diabetes. Living with the Consequences While I’ve made significant progress, the years of poor management have left lasting consequences. I still struggle with mobility and balance issues. I rely on a long list of medications and endure regular eye injections. My kidney disease remains a serious concern, and I may eventually need a transplant or dialysis. Despite these challenges, I feel fortunate. I’ve avoided the worst outcomes—blindness, amputation, and heart failure—that so many diabetes patients face. And I’ve gained a deeper appreciation for the importance of self-care. A Message to Others If there’s one thing I’ve learned, it’s that diabetes is not a condition you can afford to ignore. Managing your blood sugar isn’t just about avoiding symptoms—it’s about protecting your body from long-term damage that can rob you of your quality of life. To anyone struggling with diabetes, I urge you to take it seriously. Work closely with your healthcare team, follow their advice, and prioritize your health. The earlier you take action, the more you can avoid the complications I’ve faced. My journey isn’t over, but I’m finally on the right path. If my story can help even one person avoid the mistakes I made, sharing it will have been worth it. For more information on managing diabetes, visit the T2D Network Website.

Diabetes prevalence in Canada has shown a notable stabilization in recent years, according to new data, marking a contrast to global trends where the disease has doubled over the past three decades. A study published in The Lancet  ahead of World Diabetes Day highlighted that while the prevalence of diabetes worldwide reached an alarming 14% in 2022, Canada’s rates have neither increased nor decreased significantly since 1990. This apparent stability might suggest progress, but experts caution that it masks underlying issues and warn against complacency, as diabetes remains a serious public health concern. Between 2000 and 2021, the Government of Canada reported that 3.7 million Canadians were living with diabetes. At that time the prevalence of all types of diabetes was 8.7% among women and 10.1% among men, and 22.5% who met the diagnosis criteria for diabetes were unaware of their condition. Despite these figures being lower than in many other countries, endocrinologist Jeremy Gilbert warns that diabetes is “still really an epidemic” in Canada, affecting one in 10 people. The relative progress among women in Canada has been attributed to several factors. Women in Canada have lower obesity rates compared to those in countries like the United States, and biological factors such as estrogen may provide some protection against diabetes, particularly at younger ages. However, experts also note concerning trends, such as the rise in gestational diabetes during pregnancies, which could signal future health challenges. Lorraine Lipscombe, an endocrinologist at Women’s College Hospital in Toronto, emphasized that women under 50 are increasingly catching up to men in terms of diabetes prevalence, an alarming development. The stabilization of diabetes rates in Canada could reflect improved screening and awareness. “One piece of good news is that more people are likely being screened and tested for diabetes than before,” said Lipscombe. Yet, experts also point to systemic barriers that prevent further progress. Diet and lifestyle changes, while known to be critical for diabetes prevention, remain difficult for many Canadians to implement. “We tell people to eat vegetables and proteins, but those are the most expensive foods,” said Gilbert, highlighting how the high cost of healthy eating disproportionately affects vulnerable populations. Canada’s aging population is another significant factor contributing to diabetes rates. With advancing age, the likelihood of developing diabetes increases, driven by both biological factors and lifestyle risks, such as sedentary behavior. Lipscombe noted that while the Lancet study provides valuable insights, it may underestimate the true prevalence of diabetes in Canada due to limitations in data collection methods. Relevant to this topic, Global News did a feature for Diabetes Awareness Month -- Dr. Jeremy Gilbert discussed the growing prevalence, factors behind the rising numbers, and the role of continuous glucose monitoring technology like the Dexcom G7. He also shares patient success stories and highlights why it’s crucial to consult a doctor about potential symptoms. Coming back to the Lancet article and on the treatment side, Canada has made significant strides. Along with countries like Mexico, Chile, and Costa Rica, Canada has seen substantial improvements in diabetes care over the past three decades. Approximately two-thirds of Canadians with diabetes aged 30 and older are now receiving treatment. The introduction of Canada’s new Pharmacare law is expected to further enhance access to medications, reducing disparities and improving health outcomes for patients nationwide. “Canada’s universal healthcare system gives it an advantage over other countries when it comes to accessing care and recommending treatment for diabetes,” said Lipscombe. Despite this progress, gaps in care remain, especially for vulnerable populations. The need for continued investment in education, affordable healthy food options, and community-based interventions remains pressing. While Canada’s stabilization of diabetes rates offers a glimmer of hope, it also underscores the need for sustained efforts to address the underlying drivers of this complex disease. Diabetes may not be rising as quickly in Canada as in other nations, but the disease still poses a significant burden on individuals, families, and the healthcare system. Experts agree that achieving meaningful progress will require a combination of improved prevention strategies, enhanced screening efforts, and equitable access to treatment for all Canadians. As Gilbert aptly put it, “There’s raised knowledge and awareness, but still a lot of work to do on the implementation side of things.” Learn more about how the T2DNetwork strives to increase awareness and education on Type 2 diabetes in British Columbia.

November 14, 2024 | Ottawa, Ontario In recognition of Diabetes Awareness Month in November and World Diabetes Day, the Government of Canada, through the Public Health Agency of Canada, has issued a statement addressing the growing concern of diabetes in the country. With nearly 1 in 10 Canadians affected by this chronic condition and over 200,000 new diagnoses each year, the government is committed to raising awareness, promoting healthier lifestyles, and ensuring better access to treatment and care. The following message from the Honourable Mark Holland, Minister of Health , highlights the government's efforts to improve diabetes care and prevention across Canada. As Canada's population continues to age, the number of people living with diabetes is expected to rise. While certain types of diabetes, such as type 1 and gestational diabetes, cannot be prevented, adopting healthy lifestyles can help prevent or delay complications and reduce the risk of developing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Simple lifestyle changes can make a significant difference, including staying physically active, following Canada's Food Guide , maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding smoking. It’s also crucial to discuss symptoms and concerns with healthcare providers to better understand personal risks. Access to Medication and Support One of the most important aspects of managing diabetes is access to necessary medications. Through the Pharmacare Act , which received Royal Assent on October 10, 2024, the Government of Canada is working with provinces and territories to ensure universal access to medications, including diabetes drugs, as part of the first phase of national universal pharmacare. This initiative will not only cover medications but also provide a fund to support access to essential supplies that people with diabetes need to manage and monitor their condition effectively. Improving Diabetes Care Across Canada The Canadian government is committed to improving our understanding of diabetes and advancing its prevention, management, and treatment. Through investments and multi-sectoral initiatives, we continue to support Canadians living with diabetes. The Framework for Diabetes in Canada , developed in collaboration with provincial and territorial governments, Indigenous communities, healthcare professionals, and researchers, serves as the foundation of these efforts. We are also working to provide reliable data through the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System , which tracks chronic diseases, including diabetes, and monitors trends over time. This information is vital to ensuring that we are making progress and addressing diabetes effectively at a national level. Looking Ahead As we move forward, our commitment to improving the health and quality of life for the millions of Canadians living with diabetes remains strong. This Diabetes Awareness Month, we hope we've taken collective action to reduce the risk of developing diabetes and prevent complications, ensuring a healthier future for all.

Managing both mental health challenges and diabetes can be complex, but understanding their connection is key to better health and well-being. In a recent vodcast, two leading experts, Dr. Mahavir Agarwal, Scientist at the University of Toronto's Schizophrenia Division, and Dr. Diana Sherifali, Associate Professor in the School of Nursing at McMaster University, shared valuable insights on navigating these dual health concerns. The Intersection of Mental Health and Diabetes The vodcast delves into the significant overlap between mental health conditions and diabetes. Research shows that individuals living with mental health disorders may face a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, while those with diabetes often experience heightened stress, anxiety, or depression. Dr. Agarwal and Dr. Sherifali explain how these conditions can influence each other, emphasizing the importance of integrated care approaches. Key Strategies for Managing Dual Health Challenges The experts highlight practical strategies to support individuals managing both conditions: Holistic Health Management:  Addressing both physical and emotional health simultaneously can lead to better outcomes. Education and Awareness:  Understanding the link between mental health and diabetes empowers patients to make informed decisions. Collaboration in Care:  Engaging a multidisciplinary team of healthcare providers ensures comprehensive care tailored to individual needs. Expert Insights on Improving Health and Well-being Dr. Sherifali and Dr. Agarwal stress the importance of a patient-centered approach, where open communication and personalized care plans play a crucial role. They also discuss the significance of lifestyle factors, such as balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and stress management techniques, in promoting overall wellness. This insightful vodcast underscores the need for a collaborative, informed approach to managing mental health and diabetes together. By understanding their connection and applying expert-recommended strategies, individuals can take proactive steps toward improving their quality of life. Stay informed and empowered—tune into our YouTube channel for more expert guidance on achieving better health outcomes.

In a recent episode of the Diabetes Canada Healthcare Huddle  podcast, hosts Dr. Sarah Stafford and Gail McNeil sat down with Dr. James Kim , a clinical assistant professor in the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Calgary, to discuss the vital connection between sleep quality and diabetes management. The episode kicked off with a case study highlighting the importance of quality sleep in diabetes care. Dr. Kim emphasized, "Sleep is a conversation that probably comes up almost every day in practice. It's no longer just a side topic but a central part of managing diabetes effectively." The Link Between Sleep and Diabetes Dr. Kim explained how poor sleep can disrupt hormone regulation, leading to insulin resistance, weight gain, and poorer blood sugar control. He stated, "When sleep patterns are consistently poor, we see a direct impact on metabolic health, including increased blood sugar levels and difficulty managing weight." Gail McNeil shared a patient example to illustrate this connection: "I remember one case, I'll call her Sandra, a 31-year-old patient who hadn't slept more than four hours at a time for over ten years. During that period, she gained 60 pounds and developed type 2 diabetes. The connection between her poor sleep and her metabolic health was undeniable." Podcast: Sleep and Diabetes with Dr. James Kim Dec 19, 2024 Addressing Sleep Disorders in Diabetes Care Dr. Kim highlighted common sleep disorders among people with diabetes, such as sleep apnea and insomnia, and the importance of screening for them during clinical visits. He noted, "Many patients with diabetes experience sleep disturbances, which often go unaddressed. Identifying and managing these issues can significantly improve health outcomes." Key insights included: Impact of Sleep Quality: Poor sleep can disrupt hormone regulation, affecting blood sugar levels. Common Sleep Disorders : Sleep apnea and insomnia are prevalent among individuals with diabetes and need proper screening. Practical Strategies : Tips for improving sleep hygiene, such as maintaining a consistent sleep schedule and creating a restful sleep environment, were discussed. Practical Strategies for Better Sleep and Diabetes Control Dr. Kim explained the scientific connection between sleep quality and metabolic health, emphasizing how sleep deprivation can lead to insulin resistance and worsen diabetes symptoms. The podcast also offered actionable strategies for improving sleep hygiene and diabetes management, including: Consistent Sleep Schedule:  Maintaining regular sleep and wake times. Creating a Restful Environment:  Reducing screen time before bed and ensuring a quiet, dark sleeping space. Professional Support:  Seeking medical advice if persistent sleep issues arise. Dr. Kim summarized, "Improving sleep hygiene isn't just about better rest—it's about better health. Quality sleep plays a key role in effective diabetes management." Final Thoughts This insightful episode serves as a valuable resource for both healthcare professionals and individuals living with diabetes. By addressing sleep health as part of diabetes care, better overall health outcomes can be achieved. Listen to the full episode here  for a deeper dive into this important topic.

A revolutionary advancement in diabetes detection has been made with the development of an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered voice analysis tool that has the potential to transform how Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is diagnosed. This groundbreaking research comes from the Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), where a team of researchers has successfully developed an AI algorithm capable of detecting subtle changes in speech patterns that are correlated with T2D. This new tool offers a non-invasive and cost-effective alternative to traditional blood tests, potentially improving access to screening for underserved populations. The study published in December 2024 in Plos Digital Health and led by Abir Elbeji and Dr. Guy Fagherazzi from the Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit at LIH, was a part of the Colive Voice program , which aims to use voice analysis as a tool for diagnosing various chronic conditions. By analyzing vocal biomarkers – subtle changes in speech melody, cadence, and pitch – the team developed an algorithm that can predict the likelihood of T2D with an accuracy comparable to existing diagnostic risk scores used by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). This achievement marks a significant step forward in the field of non-invasive diagnostics. The study analyzed over 600 speech recordings from participants in the United States. The results were particularly promising, with detection rates higher among key groups, including women over 60 and individuals with hypertension. This suggests that voice analysis could offer an efficient and accessible method for identifying individuals at risk of T2D, allowing for earlier intervention and prevention. The application of this research could be a game-changer, especially in resource-limited settings where traditional diagnostic tools, such as blood tests, may not be feasible. Dr. Fagherazzi remarked on the significance of this breakthrough: "The ability to screen for diabetes using a simple voice recording could dramatically improve healthcare accessibility for millions of people around the world." This method would allow for widespread screening without the need for expensive, invasive procedures, making early detection and prevention of T2D more achievable, especially for underserved communities. Meanwhile, similar groundbreaking work has also being conducted in Canada, where a team at Ontario Tech University investigated the potential of AI in diagnosing T2D through voice analysis. Led by Jaycee Kaufman, the research published in the Mayo Clinic Proceedings in 2023 involves analyzing short, recorded voice samples to detect acoustic features that could indicate the presence of Type 2 Diabetes. Kaufman and her team recorded voice samples from 267 participants over a period of two weeks, generating over 18,000 voice samples that were analyzed using AI to identify patterns associated with diabetes. In their study, certain vocal features – such as changes in pitch, tone, and cadence – were found to differ between participants with and without diabetes. Dr Kaufman reflects: “Voice technology has the potential to remove barriers to diabetes screening by offering a quick, non-invasive, and cost-effective alternative. With just a short voice sample, we can detect early signs of Type 2 diabetes, making screening more accessible, especially for underserved populations. This could lead to earlier diagnoses and better patient outcomes through timely intervention.” The study highlighted that the AI was able to accurately assess diabetes risk based on just a six to 10-second voice recording, with accuracy rates reaching 89% for female participants and 86% for male participants. Kaufman notes that this method could be revolutionary for diabetes detection, as it requires no specialized equipment other than a smartphone, something most people already have. This could vastly increase the accessibility of diabetes screening, especially for those who face barriers due to geographical location or financial constraints. "Voice technology has the potential to remove these barriers entirely," Kaufman states, emphasizing the practical advantages of using everyday devices like smartphones to detect diabetes. However, while the technology shows great promise, Kaufman and her colleagues caution that voice analysis should not be used as a sole diagnostic tool but rather as an indicator that prompts further medical testing. AI algorithms can analyze vocal patterns to identify symptoms of T2D, but human healthcare professionals are still needed to confirm a diagnosis and provide appropriate treatment. Like the Luxembourg study, the researchers in Canada aim to refine their algorithm, with hopes of expanding the scope to detect other conditions, such as prediabetes or hypertension. Both of these studies underscore the potential for AI-driven voice analysis to revolutionize the way Type 2 Diabetes is diagnosed. The use of voice recordings as a diagnostic tool offers several benefits, especially in terms of accessibility and cost-effectiveness. These advancements could allow for earlier diagnosis and more timely intervention, which is critical in managing T2D and preventing the onset of complications, such as cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, and kidney failure. For many people, particularly those in remote or underserved regions, traditional diagnostic methods may be inaccessible or prohibitively expensive. Voice analysis, therefore, has the potential to level the playing field by offering a simple, low-cost screening method that anyone with a smartphone could use. By combining AI technology with digital health, both the Luxembourg and Canadian research teams are paving the way for a future where T2D can be detected early and managed more effectively. These studies show that diabetes care is on the cusp of a major transformation. The ability to detect T2D through something as simple as a voice recording could drastically improve the efficiency and accessibility of screening, ultimately leading to better health outcomes for patients worldwide. Looking ahead, both teams are working on refining their algorithms, expanding their studies to include larger and more diverse populations, and exploring the potential for using voice analysis to detect other chronic conditions. This could not only benefit those at risk of T2D but also offer a non-invasive diagnostic tool for other diseases, such as neurodegenerative conditions like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, or even mental health disorders like depression and PTSD. As AI technology continues to evolve, it’s clear that the future of healthcare lies in integrating innovative, non-invasive diagnostic methods, making it possible for patients to take charge of their health in new and exciting ways. Sources: A voice-based algorithm can predict type 2 diabetes status in USA adults: Findings from the Colive Voice study. Elbéji A, Pizzimenti M, Aguayo G, Fischer A, Ayadi H, et al. (2024). PLOS Digital Health 3(12): e0000679. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000679 Acoustic Analysis and Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Smartphone-Recorded Voice Segments. Jaycee M. Kaufman, Anirudh Thommandram, Yan Fossat. (2023). Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Digital Health. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949761223000731

Evidence continues to highlight the complex relationship between Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and digestive health. As studies show, individuals with T2D are at an increased risk of developing conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and gastroparesis , while conversely, gastrointestinal (GI) issues can heighten the risk of developing diabetes. Diabetes and GI disorders often coexist, influencing each other in ways that challenge both patients and healthcare providers. Studies consistently show a bidirectional relationship between T2D and conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and gastroparesis. People with T2D are at a higher risk of developing IBS, with one large cohort study (2024) revealing a 39% increased risk, particularly when blood glucose levels are poorly controlled. Conversely, IBS itself raises the risk of T2D by 18%. The link between T2D and GI disorders is further confirmed by genetic studies. Research (2024) shows that individuals genetically predisposed to T2D are also at increased risk of conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) , gastric ulcers, and chronic gastritis. Notably, the risk for these GI disorders is heightened with higher levels of fasting insulin and glucose, highlighting the importance of managing these glycemic traits to prevent broader GI complications. The impact of diabetes on gastrointestinal health goes beyond IBS and affects the management of other chronic conditions. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), for instance, is known to worsen in patients with diabetes. A study (2023) has found that diabetes increases the likelihood of hospitalizations and infections in IBD patients, although it doesn’t appear to influence IBD-related complications or mortality. This finding underscores the need for careful monitoring of diabetes in patients with pre-existing GI conditions to prevent further health declines. Personal experiences, like that of Sheila , who was diagnosed with both T2D and gastroparesis, shed light on the everyday challenges faced by individuals managing multiple chronic diseases. Sheila's experience illustrates how rare conditions linked to diabetes, such as gastroparesis, can drastically change one's quality of life, requiring constant adjustments in diet and lifestyle. Her story highlights the frustrations of finding suitable solutions, especially when traditional dietary recommendations seem to limit more than they offer. Recognizing the interconnected nature of these conditions is vital to improve prevention strategies, treatment outcomes, and ultimately the quality of life for those affected by both T2D and GI disorders. Together, these studies and personal stories underscore the need for comprehensive care that addresses both the metabolic and gastrointestinal aspects of diabetes. Managing both IBS and diabetes can be challenging, but with the right diet, it's possible to control both conditions. The key is working with a knowledgeable nutritionist to find a balanced food plan that stabilizes blood sugar while avoiding IBS triggers. A few practical tips can make managing food simpler and more effective, helping you feel in control without overwhelming your diet. Visit the T2D Network for more insights, support, and recipes that may work for you and your T2D journey.

Diabetes is more than just a health issue—it’s a societal challenge that touches every corner of our communities. In Canada, where one in three individuals faces the risk of diabetes or its precursor, prediabetes, addressing the broader determinants of health is essential, especially in marginalized communities. Today, we dive into a comprehensive commentary published in the Canadian Journal of Diabetes that lays out a conceptual framework for tackling these challenges, and we invite you to explore these ideas interactively. Understanding the Challenge of Inequities The commentary explains that diabetes is not solely a clinical problem  but a complex issue influenced by socioeconomic status, community resources, and systemic inequities. It highlights that " low socioeconomic status groups have a substantially greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes and are more likely to experience adverse diabetes outcomes." This means that beyond individual choices, factors like poverty, food insecurity, and access to health care play critical roles in the diabetes epidemic. 👉 Have you noticed how your community’s resources (or lack thereof) influence health behaviors? Share your thoughts in the comments below or take a moment to reflect on your neighborhood’s strengths and weaknesses. The Conceptual Framework The framework presented in the article uses a socioecological model , dividing determinants into three levels: Micro (Individual/Household):  Factors like employment status and psychosocial stress. Meso (Community):  Influences such as neighborhood environments and community support systems. Macro (Societal):  Broader influences, including public policies and economic conditions. The framework underscores that while many current diabetes prevention strategies focus on “downstream” approaches  (like individual behavioral change), there is a pressing need to shift toward “upstream” interventions  that address the root causes—such as structural inequities and food insecurity. “What good does it do to treat people’s illnesses … [and] then send them back to the conditions that made them sick?” — Sir Michael Marmot This quote challenges us to rethink our approach to health care. Instead of treating symptoms, we must address the underlying factors that lead to disease. 👉 How do you think public policy could better address these “upstream” factors in your community? Strategies for Change The article outlines several key strategies for shifting the focus from reactive to proactive diabetes prevention: National Surveillance Programs: Creating systems to monitor diabetes risk factors and prediabetes incidence, especially in marginalized communities, is vital. This can help tailor early interventions and measure the impact of policies. Public Health and Health Systems Capacity Building: Collaborative partnerships across sectors (health care, public health, community organizations) are essential to develop sustainable interventions. For example, programs that integrate healthy living into community planning can help create supportive environments. Health Promotion and Healthy Public Policies: Integrating health into all policy areas—from housing to transportation—ensures that public spending fosters environments conducive to healthy lifestyles. This includes initiatives like improving access to nutritious food in shelters and designing walkable neighborhoods. 👉 Imagine you have a budget to improve your community’s health. Which one of these strategies would you invest in first, and why? The Road Ahead The commentary calls for a multifaceted approach  to diabetes prevention—one that leverages research, policy, and community engagement to create lasting change. The key is to develop policies that not only manage diabetes but also prevent it by addressing the social determinants that lead to its development. By taking a holistic view of diabetes prevention, we can help reduce the disproportionate burden on marginalized communities and pave the way for healthier futures. As we move forward, it's crucial to build intersectoral partnerships, support community-based programs, and invest in research that focuses on upstream determinants of health. 👉 What role do you think community voices should play in shaping health policies? Share your perspective and let’s keep the conversation going. Get Involved! Your insights are powerful. Whether you’re a policymaker, healthcare provider, researcher, or a community member, your voice matters  in the fight against diabetes. We encourage you to: Share this post:  Spread the word about the importance of addressing structural inequities in diabetes prevention. Comment below:  Tell us your thoughts on how we can better integrate community-based approaches with national policy strategies. Take Action:  Explore local initiatives and consider how you can contribute to creating healthier, more equitable environments. Together, by understanding the broader determinants of diabetes and championing innovative solutions, we can work toward a future where everyone has the opportunity to live a healthy, fulfilling life. 👉 Stay tuned for more discussions on public health strategies, and don’t forget to subscribe to our newsletter and keep up-to-date with our blog posts !

We are excited to announce the completely redesigned T2D Network  website! After months of careful planning, development, and collaboration with healthcare professionals and patient partners, we are proud to present a user-friendly platform packed with valuable resources to help support type 2 diabetes. 👉 Have you ever struggled to find reliable information on type 2 diabetes? What kind of resources would you like to see more of on our site? What’s New at the T2D Network? The new website offers an array of features designed to support patient and healthcare professionals on their type 2 diabetes journey. Whether you're looking for practical tips on healthy eating, clinical guidelines, culturally tailored resources, professional education, or the latest diabetes news, this website offers comprehensive support for both patients and healthcare professionals. ✅ Expert-Patient-Approved Resources We’ve sourced over 75 reputable sources  to bring you 375+ unique links  to evidence-based resources. This ensures that the information you find on our site is trustworthy, up-to-date, and grounded in science. From health articles to recipes and prevention guides, we have you covered and are committed updating and refreshing these sources and links over time. ✅ Community Forum for Support Managing and preventing type 2 diabetes can feel overwhelming at times, but you don’t have to go through it alone. Our community forum  is a space where you can connect with others facing similar challenges. Share experiences, ask questions, and support one another on this journey toward better health. ✅ Weekly Health & Wellness Blog Our weekly blog  brings you fresh insights, tips, and expert advice to keep you motivated and informed. Whether you're looking for ways to stay active, improve your diet, or manage stress, our blog offers practical solutions to help you thrive. ✅ Monthly Newsletters Stay up to date with the latest health insights and tips  by subscribing to our monthly newsletter. Each edition is packed with actionable information that will help you stay on track with your type 2 diabetes goals. 👉 Have you already subscribed to our newsletter? If not, what’s holding you back? Let us know how we can make it even more valuable for you! Why This Website Matters? Did you know that 1 in 3 adults  in Canada are living with prediabetes or diabetes? That’s why we’ve made it our mission to provide you with trusted information  and supportive tools . Tired of searching through scattered websites and piecing together fragmented information about type 2 diabetes? We've created a central hub that brings everything you need under one roof. Whether you're a patient seeking practical lifestyle advice, medication guidance, and culturally tailored support, or a healthcare professional in need of clinical guidelines, patient education materials, and professional development opportunities, this website provides a comprehensive and cohesive resource. All Your T2D Resources in One Central Location! Navigating type 2 diabetes can feel overwhelming, but we're here to empower you every step of the way. Our comprehensive resources for patients are designed to provide clear, actionable guidance. Empowering you on your journey with type 2 diabetes is our priority. 🌍 Our patient, family, caregiver resources are all located on a convenient Landing Page . The content is designed to provide comprehensive support, from foundational knowledge in our Learn More section to practical guidance on Healthy Lifestyle and Healthy Eating . We understand the importance of accessible care, offering a directory of Care Centres and detailed information on Monitoring & Medication . Keeping you informed is key, so we feature Diabetes News and, crucially, recognize the diverse needs of our community by providing tailored resources for  Indigenous , South Asian , and East Asian populations. Our goal is to equip you with the knowledge and tools to support your diabetes and live a healthier life 🌍 For healthcare professionals , we're dedicated to providing the tools and knowledge you need to deliver the best possible care - starting on one convenient Landing Page . Access the latest Clinical Guidelines , Patient Education Materials , and Interactive Tools designed to streamline patient management and enhance education. We've connected you with Professional Education Opportunities to keep you informed on the latest advancements in diabetes care and our Referrals and Support section helps you connect patients with essential services and support you in self-care. Staying current is crucial, and our diabetes news section delivers timely updates on research and treatments. Just like our patient resources, we provide culturally tailored materials for Indigenous , South Asian , and East Asian communities, acknowledging the importance of diverse perspectives in effective diabetes support. We are committed to supporting both patients and providers in their journey towards better diabetes support. Bridging the Gap: Culturally Sensitive Diabetes Resources Diabetes doesn't affect everyone equally. Cultural factors play a significant role in how type 2 diabetes is supported. Recognizing that cultural contexts significantly impact diabetes resources, we've created specialized resources tailored to the higher risk communities of Indigenous , South Asian , and East Asian  origin, ensuring everyone receives culturally sensitive and relevant support. These webpages go beyond generic advice, have been curated by patients and healthcare professionals with lived experience of these cultures, and are designed to offer culturally relevant information and support tailored to the unique needs and perspectives of high risk communities. Discover how the T2D Network is working to bridge the gap in diabetes care by providing accessible, respectful, and empowering resources that honor Indigenous traditions and promote holistic well-being. Learn more about the importance of culturally sensitive healthcare and how these specialized resources can make a real difference. Get Involved Today The new T2D Network  website is now live, and we invite you to explore all that it has to offer. Start by browsing our health resources, join our community forum , and don’t forget to sign up for our monthly newsletter  for the latest updates. 👉 We are excited about this new chapter in type 2 diabetes support and can’t wait for you to experience everything our updated website has to offer. Stay tuned for more updates and resources as we continue to expand and improve the T2D Network!

🎮🌿 Managing Type 2 diabetes (T2D) can feel overwhelming. Between tracking blood sugar levels, maintaining a balanced diet, exercising, and taking medication, it’s easy to lose motivation. But what if diabetes care could be engaging and even fun ? Enter gamification —a strategy that uses game-like elements (like points, rewards, and challenges) to make daily tasks more interactive and enjoyable. Gamification has been successfully applied in health management, encouraging better self-care and treatment adherence. 🎮 What is Gamification? Gamification applies game design elements to non-game contexts, turning mundane tasks into engaging activities. Think of earning rewards for hitting health goals, competing in friendly challenges, or unlocking new levels as you progress in managing your diabetes. By tapping into our natural love for competition, achievement, and rewards, gamification makes self-care more motivating, structured, and effective. Here, scientists from the King College of London explain how they used gamification to reduce stress levels and increase motivation to move. https://www.jmir.org/2017/3/e72/ 💡 Why Gamification Works for T2D Management Scientific research backs up the benefits of gamification in chronic disease management: New gaming approaches can help people with diabetes manage stress, make healthier choices, take their medication regularly, and keep track of potential health issues, leading to better overall care. Study link An educational gaming focus improved medical professionals’ understanding—potentially benefiting patients too. Study link Gamification Apps can improve diabetes self-management by making education engaging. Study link 🛠️ Top Gamified Tools for Type 2 Diabetes Looking for a fun way to manage your diabetes? Check out these engaging gamified tools: MyDiabetes An app that gamifies glucose tracking and lifestyle management with challenges, progress tracking, and rewards. SugarVita An interactive digital board game that simulates daily life choices affecting blood sugar levels. Play solo or with friends for a fun, educational experience. Health2Sync - Diabetes Tracker Health2Sync, a top-rated diabetes management app with over 1 million users, simplifies blood sugar tracking, connects with health devices, and provides insights to help you manage diabetes effectively while sharing data with healthcare providers and family. Gluroo: Diabetes Log Tracker Gluroo is a free, collaborative diabetes management app designed like a chat tool, allowing families and caregivers to track blood sugar, insulin, food, and exercise in real time while integrating with CGMs, pumps, and smart notifications to streamline care and reduce alarm fatigue. 🌟 Key Benefits of Gamification for Diabetes Support 📈 Keeps You Motivated:  Challenges, leaderboards, and rewards help maintain engagement. 📊 Builds Healthy Habits:  Small, achievable goals help make lifestyle changes stick. 👥 Encourages Social Support:  Compete with friends or join online communities. 🎨 Makes Learning Fun:  Get instant feedback on choices and see real-time impacts. 🏆 Ready to Level Up Your Diabetes Care? Gamification is revolutionizing health management, turning daily diabetes tasks into engaging challenges. By using apps and games designed for T2D management, you can stay motivated, learn in a fun way, and improve self-care habits. Which gamified tool would you try first? Let us know in the comments! 👇🏻

The playground used to be a haven of carefree activity, but today, childhood itself is under threat from a silent invader: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). This condition, once a rarity in young people, is now alarmingly common, mirroring the global rise in obesity and sedentary lifestyles. Over the past three decades, childhood obesity has exploded, bringing with it a dramatic increase in T2D cases. As Dr. Copeland and their team highlighted in their 2013 study in Pediatrics , this surge presents a significant challenge for healthcare providers, many of whom are more accustomed to treating adult-onset diseases. In the US, the CDC notes that up to one in three new diabetes diagnoses in youth is T2D, with a disproportionate impact on minority ethnic groups. This concerning trend demands immediate action, and families are on the front lines of this fight. The following video by Mayo Clinic touches on this topic and suggests ways that families can detect and manage T2D in children with healthy living and family-centered adventure. Understanding the Enemy: Risk Factors for Childhood T2D Knowledge is power, and understanding the risk factors for T2D is the first step towards protecting our children. Several factors contribute to the development of this disease: Genetics:    Like many health conditions, family history plays a significant role. If diabetes runs in your family, your child has a higher risk . Obesity:  Excess weight, particularly around the abdomen, is a major contributor to insulin resistance, a key mechanism in T2D. Lack of Physical Activity:   Sedentary lifestyles, increasingly prevalent in our digital age, significantly increase the risk . Unhealthy Diet:    A diet high in sugary drinks, processed foods, and unhealthy fats can wreak havoc on a child’s metabolism, leading to insulin resistance. A study presented at the American Association Meeting found that cases and severity of T2D in children increased substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hear Andrew's story, reported by CBC News. 🧐   Have you noticed any of these risk factors in your family’s daily routine? Global Context: A Worldwide Wake-Up Call The rise of childhood T2D isn't confined to North America. It's a global phenomenon. In China, as researchers (2017) pointed out in Pediatric Diabetes , the prevalence of pediatric T2D has reached pandemic proportions, driven by similar factors of rapid economic development, dietary changes, and reduced physical activity. Other research published in 2024 in Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice  further emphasize the worldwide challenges in treating T2D in and adolescents, highlighting the need for innovative solutions. This global perspective underscores the urgent need for effective prevention and management strategies. The Power of Prevention: A Family Affair Parents and caregivers are the unsung heroes in the fight against childhood T2D. They have the power to shape their children’s health habits from an early age. Here are some powerful prevention strategies from leading organizations and researchers: Champion Healthy Eating:   The CDC recommends making fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins the stars of your family’s meals. Limit processed foods, sugary drinks, and excessive snacking. Embrace an Active Lifestyle:    The WHO recommends aiming for at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day for your children. Make it fun! Think bike rides, dance parties, or simply playing tag in the park. Curb Screen Time:   Excessive screen time contributes to sedentary behavior and can displace opportunities for physical activity. Researchers published in 2024 advise to set limits and encourage other activities. Lead by Example:    Children learn by observing. Make healthy choices yourself, and your children are more likely to follow suit, according to the UK Consensus . 💡 What’s one small change you can make today to encourage a healthier lifestyle for your family? Making Healthy Living a Family Adventure Transforming healthy habits into a fun, family affair is key to long-term success. Here are some engaging ideas: Cook Together:   Involve your children in meal preparation . It’s a great way to teach them about nutrition and create positive associations with healthy food. Active Family Time:   Schedule regular activities that get everyone moving. Hiking, swimming, or even a family dance-off can be a blast. Health Education, Fun Style:   Teach your children about nutrition and exercise in engaging ways. Use games, stories, and real-life examples to make learning fun. 🏆 Plan a weekend activity that gets the whole family moving—what will you do? A Brighter Future, Together Preventing childhood T2D is a team effort. By making small, sustainable changes at home, we can give our children the gift of a healthy future. Let’s work together to conquer the sugar surge and protect the health of our children. Join us to stay up to date with T2D news and events

The lived experience of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) extends far beyond managing blood glucose levels. It’s a journey often burdened by the invisible weight of stigma, a societal judgment that permeates daily life. In a recent insightful vodcast, Understanding Stigma in T2 D  hosted by IHSTS and facilitated by Krista Lamb featuring Dr. Diane Finegood , the complex issue of stigma surrounding diabetes is brought to light, urging us to examine the deeper societal structures that perpetuate it. The Heavy Burden of Stigma Have you ever felt judged because of a health condition? Imagine the weight of that judgment compounded by misconceptions and societal biases. That's the reality for many living with T2D. The vodcast delves deep into how negative beliefs and judgments impact individuals with T2D, affecting their mental health, self-management, and overall quality of life. Dr. Finegood highlights that stigma often stems from the misconception that T2D is solely a result of personal failings, such as poor diet or lack of exercise. As Dr. Finegood eloquently states, "Stigma is about the negative beliefs and judgments that society places on individuals, and in this case, on individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. It's not just about the disease itself, but the added burden of societal perception." The Anatomy of Stigma: Beyond Individual Blame We must move beyond the simplistic narrative of individual responsibility. The vodcast dissects how stigma manifests, not merely as isolated incidents, but as a systemic issue deeply embedded within societal perceptions. Dr. Finegood emphasizes that stigma acts as a barrier to effective self-management, creating a climate of shame and fear that discourages individuals from seeking help or adhering to treatment plans. “ The internalization of stigma,”  she notes, “can lead to a sense of hopelessness, impacting mental health and overall well-being. It’s not just about the external judgments, but the internal dialogue that reinforces those negative beliefs.”  This internal conflict can manifest in various ways, from avoiding social situations to neglecting necessary medical care, further exacerbating health disparities. The Impact of Intersectionality: Recognizing Diverse Experiences It is crucial to acknowledge that stigma is not experienced uniformly. The intersection of T2D with other marginalized identities—such as race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and disability—creates unique challenges. For example, individuals from communities with limited access to healthy food options or culturally appropriate healthcare may face compounded stigma. They may be unfairly judged for their dietary choices while simultaneously grappling with systemic barriers that limit their access to healthy resources. This intersectional lens highlights the need for tailored interventions that address the specific needs of diverse populations. The Role of Media and Personal Experiences Krista and Dr. Finegood discuss how media portrayals and personal anecdotes can perpetuate harmful stereotypes. It's easy to fall into the trap of oversimplification, but diabetes is a multifaceted condition influenced by genetics, environment, and various other factors. Dr. Finegood emphasizes,   "The media often presents a very simplistic narrative, focusing on individual responsibility, which ignores the complex interplay of factors that contribute to T2D." In a piece posted on Diabetes Voice , Krista and her co-authors reinforce that the media plays a crucial role in shaping public perceptions of diabetes, particularly the widespread confusion between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In their article, " Living with Diabetes: How Language and Media Representation Matters" , published on November 28, 2022, they discuss the World Health Organization’s survey that revealed that many respondents felt stigmatized by the media's portrayal of diabetes, often attributing the condition to personal failings such as poor diet or lack of exercise. This simplistic narrative not only perpetuates harmful stereotypes but also contributes to feelings of shame, isolation, and mental distress. Many individuals reported avoiding disclosure of their condition due to fear of judgment. Respondents emphasized the need for more accurate, empathetic, and respectful media portrayals that acknowledge the complexity of diabetes and the mental health challenges that often accompany it. This highlights the urgent need for the media to shift its approach, fostering understanding, reducing stigma, and supporting those living with diabetes in a compassionate and informed manner. 💡 Thought Prompt:   How can we, as consumers of media, become more critical of the narratives surrounding health conditions? What role can we play in promoting accurate and empathetic portrayals? The Power of Language: Reframing the Narrative Language plays a pivotal role in shaping perceptions and perpetuating stigma. The vodcast underscores the importance of using respectful and person-centered language. Phrases like “diabetic” can be dehumanizing, reducing individuals to their medical condition. Instead, using phrases like “person living with diabetes” emphasizes their humanity and acknowledges that diabetes is just one aspect of their identity. Moreover, we must challenge the use of stigmatizing language in media and public discourse, which often portrays individuals with T2D as lazy or irresponsible. By consciously choosing our words, we can contribute to a more compassionate and inclusive environment. The Role of Empathy in Bridging Divides Empathy is the cornerstone of dismantling stigma. It allows us to step into the shoes of others, understand their experiences, and recognize their humanity. By cultivating empathy, we can challenge our own biases and build bridges of understanding. This requires active listening, a willingness to learn, and a commitment to challenging our own assumptions. Empathy is not just a feeling; it's a call to action. Creating a Supportive Environment The vodcast emphasizes the importance of creating a supportive environment for individuals with T2D. This includes healthcare providers adopting a patient-centered approach, communities fostering understanding, and individuals challenging their own biases. Dr. Finegood suggests, "We need to shift from a blame-focused approach to a support-focused approach. This means listening to individuals, understanding their unique circumstances, and empowering them to manage their health." 💡 Thought Prompt:   What practical steps can healthcare providers, family members, and friends take to support someone living with T2D? How can we shift the conversation from blame to empowerment? Image courtesy of Obesity Canada Beyond Awareness: A Call for System Transformation While raising awareness is essential, it is not enough. We must advocate for system changes that address the root causes of stigma. This requires a multifaceted approach, encompassing policy advocacy to support health equity, healthcare system transformation to implement culturally competent care models, investment in community-based interventions that provide vital support and resources, and media reform that encourages responsible reporting practices. Furthermore, we need to embed education about chronic illness and stigma into school curriculums from an early age, fostering understanding and empathy from a young age. Only through these comprehensive and sustained efforts can we truly create a society where individuals with T2D are free from the burden of stigma and have the opportunity to thrive. Empowering Individuals Through Education and Self-Advocacy Education is a powerful tool for empowerment. By providing individuals with accurate information about T2D, we can help them challenge misconceptions and take control of their health. Self-advocacy is also crucial. Empowering individuals to speak up for themselves, demand respectful treatment, and challenge stigmatizing language can contribute to a more equitable and inclusive society. Calls to Action: Taking Concrete Steps 🔍 Engage in Active Listening:  When interacting with someone with T2D, listen without judgment and validate their experiences. 🔍 Challenge Misinformation:  Correct inaccurate statements about T2D and share credible sources of information. 🔍 Support Advocacy Organizations:  Volunteer or donate to organizations that advocate for people living with diabetes. 🔍 Promote Inclusive Environments:  Create safe and welcoming spaces in your workplace, community, and social circles. 🔍 Become an Ally:  Speak out against stigmatizing language and behaviors. 🔍 Share Your Stories:  If you have T2D or have been impacted by it, share your story to help humanize the condition and break down stigma. 🔍 Demand Better Media Representation:  Contact media outlets that perpetuate harmful stereotypes and demand better representations of chronic illness. 🔍 Support Research:  Fund research that explores the impact of stigma on health outcomes and develops effective interventions. A Collective Responsibility: Moving Forward Together The fight against stigma requires a collective effort. By understanding the intricacies of this issue and taking concrete steps to dismantle it, we can create a more compassionate and supportive world for individuals living with T2D. It is not enough to simply acknowledge the problem; we must actively work to create a society where everyone has the opportunity to thrive, regardless of their health status. Meet the Speakers: Dr. Diane Finegood :  Her expertise provides valuable insights into the systemic nature of stigma and the importance of addressing it from a public health perspective. Krista Lamb :  Her ability to create a safe and empathetic space fosters open dialogue and allows for the exploration of complex issues. Kathleen Chouinor : With an extensive background spanning more than three decades in health care leadership, Kathleen brings a wealth of experience to her role as Executive Director with the Institute for Health System Transformation and Sustainability. About IHSTS (Institute for Health System Transformation & Sustainability) IHSTS champions systemic change to create a more equitable and sustainable healthcare system. Their commitment to fostering dialogue and promoting evidence-based solutions is vital in addressing the complex challenges of chronic illness and stigma.

On March 6, 2025 , British Columbia became the second province to announce the signing of a pharmacare agreement with Canada’s federal government. Manitoba was the first province to do so, on February 27, 2025. British Columbia’s Pharmacare Agreement The agreement follows from a September 2024 Memorandum of Understanding between the British Columbia and federal governments, stating an intention to negotiate a funding agreement. Under the signed agreement, British Columbia will receive more than $670 million over four years  to provide universal access to contraceptives and diabetes medications, devices, and supplies . As part of the agreement, British Columbia will also provide free coverage of hormone replacement therapy  to treat menopausal symptoms. 👉 Residents of British Columbia are expected to begin receiving coverage for these products in March 2026 . Key Highlights ✅ Hundreds of thousands  of B.C. residents with Type 2 diabetes will receive free medication. ✅ Funding will also support diabetes devices and supplies  to improve patient care. ✅ Reducing the financial burden of diabetes management ensures better health outcomes. Why This Matters Access to essential medications is a crucial part of healthcare, and this new pharmacare agreement will have far-reaching benefits  for individuals and families across British Columbia. Managing Type 2 diabetes requires a combination of medications, lifestyle changes, and regular monitoring . When individuals cannot afford their medications, they may skip doses or delay treatment, increasing their risk of complications like heart disease, kidney failure, nerve damage, and vision loss . 👉 Federal Health Minister Mark Holland  emphasized the life-changing impact of this agreement, stating: “The expense of not giving someone with diabetes the medicine they need could be blindness, loss of a limb, or even death.” By ensuring that individuals have consistent access to medications and monitoring tools , this program reduces long-term healthcare costs  and helps people live healthier lives. Diabetes Costs: A Financial Burden Lifted 👉 B.C. Health Minister Josie Osborne  highlighted how the rising cost of living forces many to choose between basic needs: “The cost for diabetes medication for a person living with Type 2 diabetes can be as much as $10,000 a year.” Many British Columbians struggle with the financial burden of life-saving medications , leading some to ration their insulin or delay necessary treatments. The consequences of such decisions can be severe and irreversible . 👉 Now, thanks to this federal funding, diabetes medication costs will be completely covered , ensuring that no one in B.C. has to choose between their health and their financial well-being. Expanding Access to Diabetes Devices and Supplies Beyond just covering medications, the Pharmacare agreement will also improve access to diabetes monitoring devices and supplies , making diabetes management more effective and convenient. This means more people will have access to: Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs)  to track blood sugar levels in real time. Insulin pumps  that automate insulin delivery, reducing the need for multiple daily injections. Test strips and lancets , essential for regular at-home monitoring. 👉 By covering these essential supplies, the agreement removes financial barriers that often prevent individuals from using the latest diabetes technology to manage their condition effectively. The Role of Medication in Type 2 Diabetes Management For those living with Type 2 diabetes, medications such as insulin, GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, and metformin  are essential for controlling blood sugar levels. Without proper treatment, uncontrolled diabetes can lead to: Increased risk of heart disease and stroke Chronic kidney disease, potentially leading to dialysis Severe nerve damage (neuropathy), causing pain or even amputation Vision loss and blindness 👉 Ensuring free access to these medications allows people to better manage their condition and avoid preventable complications , ultimately improving quality of life. Next Steps for Pharmacare in Canada In addition to authorizing bilateral funding agreements for contraceptives and diabetes medications, An Act respecting pharmacare (the Pharmacare Act)  stipulates additional steps to advance national pharmacare. Under the Pharmacare Act , the following steps are to be completed on or before October 10, 2025 : Canada’s Drug Agency / l’Agence des médicaments du Canada (CDA-AMC)  must prepare “a list of essential prescription drugs and related products to inform the development of a national formulary”  as well as “a national bulk purchasing strategy for prescription drugs and related products”  ; The Minister of Health  must publish “a pan-Canadian strategy regarding the appropriate use of prescription drugs and related products” ; The Committee of Experts , established in November 2024 , must recommend “options for the operation and financing of national, universal, single-payer pharmacare” . Could National Pharmacare Be On the Horizon? This agreement between the federal and B.C. governments  highlights the growing recognition of the need for publicly funded essential medications . Many advocates believe this could be the first step toward a nationwide pharmacare program . Canada remains one of the only high-income countries without universal pharmacare , meaning that millions of Canadians still face high out-of-pocket costs for medications. The success of this program in B.C. could pave the way for similar agreements in other provinces  or even a federal pharmacare system . 👉 The federal government has already signaled its interest in expanding pharmacare  across the country, and this agreement could serve as a blueprint for what’s to come. This historic agreement reflects a growing commitment to making essential healthcare accessible  to all Canadians. Could this be the first step toward a national pharmacare program ? Time will tell! Interactive: What Does This Mean for You? 👉 Join the Conversation:  Share your thoughts in the comments! How will this policy impact you or your loved ones? 👉 To stay up to date on BC Pharmacare - sign up for the PharmaCare Newsletter Related News 👉 Government of Canada News Release  – Official announcement detailing the agreement, funding, and expected impacts on B.C. residents.🔗 Read more 👉 CBC News Coverage  – A breakdown of the agreement, reactions from officials, and what this means for B.C. residents.🔗 Read more 👉 Castanet News Report  – Highlights key financial details and the broader implications of the $670 million agreement.🔗 Read more 👉 Pharma in Brief Analysis  – A legal and industry-focused perspective on how this agreement fits into Canada’s Pharmacare landscape.🔗 Read more

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are not just rising independently—they're forming a dangerous duo. Together, these two conditions are driving what’s known as the "diabesity" crisis, a term used to highlight their interconnectedness. As the global rates of obesity soar, the prevalence of T2DM is following suit, putting millions of lives at risk. Understanding the intricacies of this connection is essential for combating both. The Growing Epidemic: A Global and Canadian Health Crisis The numbers are hard to ignore. Globally, obesity and T2DM are reaching pandemic proportions. In Canada, 1 in 3 adults were classified as obese in 2022—up from 21% in 2003 . This is alarming, especially when the World Obesity Federation predicts that over 51% of the global population will be overweight or obese within the next 12 years. With this surge in body fat comes a rise in T2DM diagnoses, potentially doubling to over 1.3 billion  cases in the next 30 years. What is Obesity and Why Does It Matter? Obesity, defined as the accumulation of excess fat that impairs health, is measured through BMI —a ratio of weight to height. According to Health Canada , a BMI of over 30 is classified as obese. Interestingly, not everyone with obesity will develop diabetes, but the risk is significantly higher in those with excess weight, particularly around the abdomen. In general in Canada, the accumulation of excess fat around the abdomen is notably more prevalent in women (51%) than in men (37%) . This type of obesity becomes more common with age, rising from 31% in both men and women aged 18 to 39 years to 58% in those aged 60 to 79 years. How Obesity Leads to Type 2 Diabetes Obesity fuels T2DM through a complex web of factors . Extra fat, especially around the abdomen, leads to insulin resistance —when the body’s cells fail to respond properly to insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar. Over time, this resistance forces the pancreas to work overtime , leading to high blood sugar levels and eventually, diabetes. Obesity linked to other disease states The Real-World Impact of "Diabesity" The overlap of obesity and T2DM is not just a health issue —it’s a societal one with far-reaching consequences: ✅ Health Complications : Those with diabesity are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, nerve damage, and more. ✅ Economic Strain : Healthcare systems are under increasing pressure, facing higher costs for medications, treatments, and long-term care. ✅ Workforce Impact : Health-related absenteeism and reduced productivity are economic burdens felt nationwide. ✅ Psychological Toll : The stigma around obesity and diabetes can lead to mental health challenges, including depression and anxiety, worsening the overall quality of life. ✅ Health Inequities : Despite similar obesity rates, women in Canada disproportionately higher rates of hiring bias, lower pay, and workplace judgment compared to men with obesity, according to Obesity Canada. Genetics and Diabesity: Not All Obesity Leads to Diabetes Clinicians have observed a long-standing link between obesity and a significantly increased risk of T2DM. However, the fact that 10-30% of obese individuals remain diabetes-free, while around 30% of those with a healthy weight develop T2D, presents a paradox. The IMI project SOPHIA has delved into this mystery by exploring genetic differences. Their research, featured in Nature Metabolism , compared the genetic profiles of obese individuals with and without T2DM, identifying 67 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the most common human genetic variation . The study pinpointed 48 SNPs associated with the co-occurrence of obesity and T2D, and 19 SNPs linked to obesity but protection from the disease, suggesting a crucial genetic component in the development of "diabesity." A Multifaceted Approach to Managing Diabesity When lifestyle modifications don't lead to adequate weight loss, clinicians should look for other contributing factors, such as medications that may promote weight gain, including certain antidepressants, antipsychotics, insulin, and steroids. For patients with a BMI over 30 or those with weight-related health issues like hypertension, diabetes, or sleep apnea, pharmacotherapy can be an important part of the treatment plan . Medications such as phentermine-topiramate, GLP-1 receptor agonists (like semaglutide), or orlistat are commonly used to aid in weight loss and improve glycemic control. These treatments are typically combined with intensive lifestyle interventions, which include dietary changes and exercise. For patients who don't respond to medical treatment, surgery , such as gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy, may be recommended. These surgical options are effective for achieving sustained weight loss and improving metabolic health. Monitoring of patients on medications or those who have undergone surgery is essential to assess efficacy and prevent complications. 👉 It is important that healthcare teams, including dietitians, endocrinologists, nurses, and surgeons, collaborate to provide comprehensive care and adjust treatments as needed to optimize patient outcomes. Clinical Significance Obesity is a major risk factor for T2DM and can exacerbate its severity. Early screening and aggressive treatment of obesity are essential in preventing the onset of T2DM and managing existing cases. Weight loss can significantly improve glycemic control, reduce insulin resistance, and even lead to remission of diabetes in some patients. Effective management of T2DM through weight loss can prevent or reduce complications like diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, and kidney damage. Additionally, achieving a 5-10% weight reduction has been shown to have positive effects on blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and overall metabolic health. The interdisciplinary approach to managing obesity and T2DM, which includes healthcare professionals from various specialties, ensures that patients receive comprehensive care, tailored treatments, and continuous monitoring for long-term success. 👉 With proper management, patients with obesity and T2DM can experience significant improvements in quality of life, as well as reduced healthcare costs due to fewer complications and hospitalizations. A Path Forward: Hope for Canadians The National Framework for Diabetes Act and the Framework for Diabetes in Canada , a national strategy launched by the government in 2022, is paving the way for transformative change by focusing on improving access to prevention and treatment for all  types of diabetes. This collaborative effort, shaped by extensive consultations, is addressing key areas such as innovative prevention strategies, enhanced care pathways, cutting-edge research, comprehensive data collection, and expanded access to life-changing devices and medications. By embracing fairness, person-centered care, and fostering innovation, this unified approach promises to reduce the impact of diabetes in Canada. With a progress report set for 2027, the country is poised to celebrate the significant advancements made through government initiatives and partnerships. These efforts offer renewed hope for Canadians living with or at risk of diabetes, with exciting breakthroughs in type 1 diabetes research, earlier diagnoses, and a future filled with healthier, longer lives. While the rising tide of obesity and type 2 diabetes is undoubtedly a challenge, there is reason for hope. Through innovative strategies, research breakthroughs, and a collaborative national effort, we can work towards reversing the "diabesity" crisis that has affected millions globally and in Canada. The growing recognition of the link between obesity and T2DM has led to more targeted prevention efforts, weight management solutions, and personalized care approaches. Stay up to date: ✅Government of Canada - Framework of Diabetes in Canada ✅Obesity Canada - Clinical Guidelines, Education, Awareness ✅T2D Network - Your Resource Hub for T2D in British Columbia

A recent study published in February 2025  sheds new light on the quality of diabetes care in Ontario, Canada. Despite accounting for socioeconomic marginalization, significant disparities persist between immigrants and non-immigrants, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to ensure equitable healthcare access. The Immigrant's Numbers Tell a Story The study analyzed a staggering 1,449,589 individuals with diabetes, of whom 22.6% (328,077 people) were immigrants. The findings reveal concerning trends: ✅ Eye exams: Only 64.4% of immigrants received an eye examination compared to 72.8% of non-immigrants—a notable 8.4 percentage point difference. ✅ HbA1c testing : a crucial marker for blood sugar control, was less frequent among immigrants. ✅ Immigrants were less likely to reach recommended targets for HbA1c (≤7.0%) and LDL cholesterol (≤2.0 mmol/L)—both critical markers for diabetes management. "There were statistically significant differences in virtually all diabetes care indicators between immigrants and non-immigrants... Notably, although most of the process and outcome indicators were significantly different between immigrants and non-immigrants, the absolute differences between groups were generally small, with the largest absolute difference being for eye examinations (64.4% among immigrants, 72.8% among non-immigrants)." Yet, paradoxically, immigrants had higher rates of LDL-cholesterol and urine ACR testing and were more likely to achieve urine ACR targets . This suggests potential differences in screening priorities, healthcare utilization patterns, or provider recommendations within immigrant communities. Marginalization Quintiles: A Complex Picture A major strength of the study is its analysis of marginalization factors —material deprivation, residential instability, and dependency—providing a nuanced look at healthcare disparities. Even among the least marginalized individuals, immigrants consistently received lower rates of HbA1c testing and eye examinations than their non-immigrant counterparts. This suggests that disparities in care go beyond socioeconomic status. Interestingly, in the most marginalized quintiles , the quality of care declined more sharply for non-immigrants than for immigrants. This raises important questions: Are immigrant communities relying more on alternative support systems? Does the immigrant experience shape different healthcare-seeking behaviors? Could healthcare navigation challenges be leveling out disparities across marginalization levels? These findings point to a complex interplay of social, cultural, and systemic factors influencing healthcare access and outcomes. Beyond the Numbers: The Urgency of System-Wide Improvements The study underscores a broader issue: diabetes care in Ontario is falling short for everyone, regardless of immigration status. 👉 Less than 50% of individuals with diabetes (immigrant and non-immigrant) met target HbA1c levels. 👉 Only about a quarter achieved recommended urine ACR targets, highlighting potential gaps in kidney disease management. 👉 Process measures were alarmingly low, with one-quarter to one-half of all patients missing key screenings, exams, and preventive treatments. "Among both immigrants and non-immigrants, less than half of people with diabetes achieved HbA1c targets, and only about a quarter had urine ACR in target. Even process indicators had poor performance, with between one-quarter and one-half of people with diabetes in both groups failing to receive appropriate laboratory testing, eye examinations or preventative medications." 📢 Key takeaway: While disparities between groups are concerning, the overall quality of diabetes care in Ontario needs urgent attention. Building an Equitable Diabetes Care System This study provides valuable insights that should guide policy and practice to improve diabetes care for all, particularly immigrants. Addressing the root causes of disparities requires: ✅ Breaking Language Barriers : Providing interpreter services and multilingual health resources to ensure patients fully understand their care. ✅ Culturally Responsive Care: Training healthcare providers to recognize diverse health beliefs and practices that influence treatment adherence. ✅ Tackling Systemic Bias: Addressing implicit biases in the healthcare system to ensure equal treatment for all patients. ✅ Simplifying Healthcare Navigation : Streamlining processes so newcomers can more easily access specialists, screenings, and treatments. 🚀  It’s time for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and communities to work together to close these gaps and improve diabetes outcomes for everyone. Let's continue this important conversation and explore potential solutions in the comments below! 👇 Article link: https://www.primary-care-diabetes.com/article/S1751-9918(25)00048-8/fulltext

Diabetes. It's a word we hear often, but do we truly grasp its impact? It's not just about managing blood sugar; it's a complex health crisis with far-reaching consequences. Diabetes has become one of the most urgent health crises of our time. Worldwide numbers Over the last three decades, the global number of adults living with diabetes has skyrocketed from 226 million in 1990 to an alarming 529 million in 2021. To put this into perspective, this means that today, 1 in 10 adults worldwide  is living with diabetes. Even more concerning, almost 45% of these cases remain undiagnosed , leaving millions at risk of severe complications without even knowing it. Closer to home, CBC News interviewed Cardiologist/Epidemiologist Dr. Labos from Montreal. Here they discuss the Lancet study published in Sept 2024 that showed shocking results in not only the number of people with diabetes, but the percentage that is untreated and the factors affecting that - and how we are doing in Canada in comparison. A Comprehensive Global Analysis This Lancet study stands out as the most comprehensive analysis of global diabetes trends to date. Researchers pooled and harmonized data from over 1,100 studies across 175 countries , covering an extraordinary 98% of the world’s population . What sets this analysis apart is its rigorous approach: it relied solely on studies that directly measured blood glucose and HbA1c levels , bypassing the common pitfalls of self-reported data that often miss undiagnosed cases. The study defined diabetes based on both fasting plasma glucose (FPG)  and HbA1c  criteria, aligning with modern clinical guidelines. This is crucial because previous estimates often overlooked people with elevated HbA1c but normal FPG—an oversight particularly common in low- and middle-income countries. 👉 This study captured complex patterns and disparities between younger and older adults. Key Findings 🧩 In 2022, 828 million adults had diabetes, which is 630 million more than in 1990. 🧩 Most of the increase in diabetes is happening in poorer countries  like Malaysia, Pakistan, Egypt, and Latin American countries like Jamaica and Costa Rica. 🧩 Some places like Western Europe, Canada , and East Africa have had the same amount of diabetes since 1990, and countries like Japan and Spain have actually seen fewer cases . 🧩 The highest rates of diabetes are in places like Polynesia, Micronesia, the Middle East, and South Asia (like Pakistan and Malaysia). 🧩 In 2022, 445 million adults with diabetes didn't get treatment , which is 3.5 times more than in 1990. 🧩 Poorer countries show lower treatment rates (less than 10%) than wealthier countries (more than 55%) for people with diabetes. Stark Regional Inequalities The findings reveal a deeply troubling geographic divide: In South Asia , more than 1 in 4 adults  over 45 years old is living with diabetes. In Polynesia and Micronesia , nearly 1 in 5 adults  has the disease. In contrast, in countries like the UK  and Ireland , prevalence rates are below 5% . Alarmingly, regions already struggling with high obesity rates are also experiencing surges in diabetes. The study underscores that obesity is a major driver  of the diabetes epidemic. Regions where obesity is rising—such as the Middle East and parts of South Asia—are also seeing sharp increases in diabetes prevalence. Treatment Gaps and Missed Opportunities Equally concerning is the stagnation in diabetes diagnosis and treatment worldwide: Less than half  of people with diabetes globally have been diagnosed. Only 1 in 5  receives the recommended combination of treatments: glucose-lowering medications , blood pressure control , and statins  to prevent complications. This treatment gap is even wider in low- and middle-income countries, where healthcare access is often limited. 👉The study highlights the urgent need to expand primary care capacity and improve affordability and availability of essential medications. Early Detection and Prevention The article suggests that early identification and prevention of diabetes can be very effective, especially in countries with universal health insurance and strong primary care systems. In these regions, people at high risk of diabetes can be identified early and receive a combination of diet and lifestyle changes along with medications to delay or prevent the onset of diabetes. However, in low-resourced health systems, where resources for diabetes screening are limited, this approach is not as common. Genetic factors and childhood nutrition also play a role in diabetes rates, with regions like South Asia showing higher rates of diabetes, especially when there is rapid weight gain. "Early identification and intervention in high-risk individuals is crucial, particularly through strong primary care systems  and universal health insurance ." Given the serious health risks associated with diabetes, the study emphasizes the importance of preventing diabetes onset and delaying complications. Diet improvement is central to this strategy, including focusing on healthier foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, dairy, legumes, and fish, while reducing the intake of harmful foods like refined carbohydrates and processed foods. The study also suggests the need for regulations and taxes  to curb the intake of unhealthy foods and to improve access to healthy foods. Low-income families and marginalized communities particularly benefit from subsidies or vouchers for healthy foods, as well as access to sports facilities and active leisure. Targeted cash transfers could also help families afford healthier options. Additionally, providing free healthy school meals can have a significant impact on children’s long-term health. For people at high risk of developing diabetes (including those with prediabetes), the key is early intervention with a combination of diet, exercise, and medications. Health systems need to identify these high-risk individuals, support them in making lifestyle changes, and provide access to effective medications and regular follow-ups with healthcare providers. 👉 Without effective prevention and treatment, the global burden of diabetes will continue to grow, leading to more heart attacks, strokes, kidney failure, and amputations. Looking Ahead: Multi-Pronged Solutions Needed The study’s authors call for a coordinated, multi-pronged strategy  to combat the escalating diabetes epidemic. Key recommendations include: 🧩 Population-wide initiatives to reduce obesity and improve diets, such as implementing taxes on sugary drinks, regulating food marketing, and improving access to healthy foods and sports facilities. 🧩 Targeted prevention programs  for high-risk individuals, offering lifestyle counseling and preventive medications. 🧩 Strengthening primary care systems  to improve screening, ensure access to affordable treatments, and provide continuous monitoring. 🧩 National diabetes programs  that leverage universal insurance and primary care expansion to close the diagnosis and treatment gaps. For people already living with diabetes, the priorities are clear: improve access to affordable medications, support treatment adherence through education and community programs, and guarantee regular follow-up care to manage blood sugar and prevent complications. 👉 Check out our T2D Network Project dashboard to see how we are working towards these solutions in British Columbia Final Thoughts The gap between high-income countries and the rest of the world risks widening further, exacerbating health inequalities. However, with the right mix of public health policies, early detection, and equitable healthcare access, this trend is not inevitable. As new and effective therapies emerge, there is a window of opportunity to transform diabetes care and prevention worldwide. Now is the time to act. The IHME Global Burden of Disease Interactive Data Tool   is an easy-to-use online tool that lets you explore health data from around the world. It shows trends in diseases, causes of death, and health risks by country, age, and gender. It's a helpful resource for anyone wanting to understand global health issues and track progress in fighting diseases. What Can You  Do? So, where do we go from here? This isn't just a problem for doctors and policymakers to solve. It's something that affects all of us. We need to start having open conversations about diabetes in our communities. ✅ What are the biggest challenges you see? ✅ What innovative solutions have you heard about? ✅ How can technology help us tackle this crisis? ✅ Share your thoughts in the comments below – let's learn from each other. Whether you’re a healthcare provider on the front lines or someone concerned about the health of your community, your voice matters. 👉 Get involved -- Join us and support T2D in British Columbia The Lancet study acknowledges several limitations, including limited data from some countries, reliance on single-visit surveys instead of clinical diagnosis, potential inaccuracies in HbA1c measurements, and the lack of distinction between type 1 and type 2 diabetes . Additionally, the 2-hour postprandial glucose test was not included due to its limited use in population studies. Written and clinically validated by Clare Koning, RN, MN, PhD – Supporting evidence-based content at the T2D Network.

Saskatchewan is a land of vast spaces and stark contrasts, covering an area roughly the size of France. Yet, despite its vastness, access to healthcare for its residents can feel like a distant dream—especially for the 30% of its population living in rural and remote areas. Harsh winters with temperatures reaching -60°C, limited road access to some communities, and logistical challenges make it difficult for patients and healthcare providers to connect. But amid these challenges, innovation is rising to meet the needs of Saskatchewan’s underserved areas. The Virtual Health Hub (VHH) , an Indigenous-led initiative, is leading the charge in transforming healthcare delivery for the province’s remote communities. This ambitious project aims to bridge the healthcare gap by leveraging technology and community collaboration to improve access to care. And it’s not just a win for rural residents—this groundbreaking approach has the potential to reshape healthcare delivery across the country. What is the Virtual Health Hub? The Virtual Health Hub  is an innovative, purpose-built facility in Saskatchewan that utilizes state-of-the-art technology to provide real-time virtual care. Designed to serve approximately 90 communities, the hub allows healthcare professionals to remotely assess patients, help with triage, and offer treatment guidance, all from a distance. But what makes the VHH stand out is its Indigenous-led approach . With a significant portion of Saskatchewan’s population being Indigenous, 17% in 2021, the project is deeply rooted in understanding and integrating Indigenous perspectives and culture into healthcare delivery. This culturally sensitive model ensures that the care provided aligns with the values and traditions of the communities served. Podcast with Dr Veronika Rasic - A journey down the rural road to health. This podcast explores rural health topics through conversations with students, academics, clinicians, researchers, and people that live and work in rural areas. How Virtual Care is Making a Difference for Type 2 Diabetes Chronic diseases like Type 2 diabetes  are a growing concern in rural Saskatchewan, where access to specialists and ongoing care is limited. Patients living in isolated areas often find it difficult to manage their diabetes effectively, leading to poorer outcomes, higher rates of hospitalization, and complications. The Virtual Health Hub  offers a lifeline, providing remote consultations with diabetes specialists, regular monitoring, and vital education on managing blood sugar levels, diet, exercise, and medication. By offering remote consultations and monitoring, the VHH empowers patients to take control of their diabetes care, improving glycemic control and reducing the risks associated with the condition. The benefits are clear: reduced hospitalizations , better health outcomes , and an improved quality of life  for individuals living with Type 2 diabetes in these rural communities. Innovative Technologies Powering Rural Healthcare The Virtual Health Hub  employs cutting-edge technologies to overcome the many challenges faced by rural healthcare workers and patients. Here’s a glimpse into how these innovations are making a significant impact: Remote Clinical Services:  Patients can connect with healthcare professionals via high-quality video links, making it possible to receive expert consultations without leaving their homes. Telerobotical Ultrasonography :  One of the most groundbreaking technologies in use at the VHH is telerobotical ultrasonography . This system allows ultrasonographers to control a robotic arm and ultrasound probe remotely, providing essential diagnostic imaging to communities that would otherwise be unable to access ultrasound services. This technology has proven especially vital for prenatal care , where timely ultrasounds are critical. High-Quality Video and Audio Connections:  The VHH ensures that its remote consultations are not hindered by poor connectivity. They have worked closely with local telecommunications providers to ensure that communities have the necessary bandwidth to access the virtual care services reliably. Virtual Health Hub Assistant Training:  A major challenge of virtual care is the inability to perform physical exams. To address this, the VHH has developed a specialized training course for local healthcare workers to become Virtual Health Hub Assistants . These assistants are trained to perform basic physical exams, under the guidance of virtual clinicians, ensuring that essential assessments can still be made remotely. Addressing Key Rural Healthcare Challenges The VHH  is tackling several critical challenges that have long plagued rural healthcare in Saskatchewan: Access to Timely Care:  The vast distances between rural communities and medical centers often mean that residents have to wait days or even weeks to receive care. The VHH breaks down these barriers, offering timely, remote consultations with specialists. Supporting Local Healthcare Workers:  In remote areas, healthcare workers often find themselves practicing beyond their scope of expertise, which can be daunting. The VHH provides support to these local healthcare teams by offering virtual consultations with specialists who can guide decision-making and provide necessary expertise, even in the most critical situations. Recruitment and Retention:  Healthcare professionals in rural areas often feel isolated, and recruitment to these regions can be a challenge. By providing a shared responsibility model  with virtual support, the VHH makes rural practice more attractive, helping to retain healthcare professionals and reduce burnout. Building Trust, Relationships, and Community Engagement One of the cornerstones of the VHH ’s success is its community-driven approach . The VHH understands that technology alone cannot solve healthcare disparities; it’s the partnership with communities that truly makes the difference. The project focuses on understanding the unique needs of each community and tailoring services accordingly. The Virtual Health Hub Assistant Training Course  is a prime example of this community engagement. By training local healthcare workers to use virtual care technologies and assist with physical examinations, the VHH builds local capacity and ensures that care is not just delivered remotely but also sustainably  within the community. Furthermore, the VHH works to ensure that all its virtual care systems are easy to use  for both clinicians and patients. With dedicated technical support and ongoing training, the team is committed to ensuring that everyone involved feels confident and capable in using the technology. Lessons Learned and Looking Ahead As with any pioneering project, the VHH  has learned valuable lessons along the way: Collaboration is Key:  Working closely with communities to co-develop solutions is crucial for success. Each community has its own unique challenges and strengths, and the VHH makes sure to tailor its services to meet those specific needs. Flexibility and Adaptability:  The VHH team has had to remain adaptable in the face of evolving needs, ready to shift strategies and technologies to better serve the population. Open-Mindedness and Innovation:  The VHH encourages an open-minded approach to technology, understanding that solutions that worked in urban settings might need to be adapted for rural environments. Trust and Relationships:  Building trust within communities is fundamental. When communities feel involved and heard, they are more likely to embrace virtual care technologies and benefit from them. Looking to the future, the Virtual Health Hub  is focused on scaling its operations and incorporating additional features, like translator services  for communities with multiple languages and ensuring accessibility for people with disabilities. This commitment to equitable care  is central to the VHH’s vision of transforming healthcare in Saskatchewan. The Road to a Healthier Saskatchewan The Virtual Health Hub  is proving that innovation, when paired with community collaboration and cultural sensitivity, can transform healthcare in rural and remote regions. Through its cutting-edge technologies, commitment to local engagement, and focus on improving the lives of people with chronic conditions like Type 2 diabetes, the VHH is pioneering a new era of accessible, equitable, and high-quality healthcare for Saskatchewan’s most underserved communities. 👉 For more information about the Virtual Health Hub , visit https://virtualhealthhub.ca/  or contact them at info@virtualhealthhub.ca. ub.ca 👉 You can also listen to their Podcast on Spotify https://open.spotify.com/show/4Y2UWCYfYwdi8oyOiqfTpM 👉 Stay tuned for more exciting news and updates by joining our network Written and clinically validated by Clare Koning, RN, MN, PhD – Supporting evidence-based content at the T2D Network.

Type 2 diabetes is not just about sugar. It’s about systems—and for women, the stakes are uniquely high. When we think of type 2 diabetes (T2D), we often picture it as a disease driven by lifestyle: too much fast food, too little exercise, and rising blood sugars. But that picture is dangerously incomplete—especially for women. The truth is, T2D doesn’t just live in the body. It lives in neighbourhoods, families, paycheques, policies—and in gendered expectations. For women, social determinants of health don’t just influence diabetes risk—they shape every stage of the journey, from prevention to diagnosis to management. What Are Social Determinants of Health? The World Health Organization (WHO) defines social determinants of health as the “non-medical factors that influence health outcomes,” such as: 🧩 Income and social status 🧩 Education 🧩 Employment and working conditions 🧩 Access to healthcare 🧩 Housing and food security 🧩 Social supports and community connections 🧩 Racism, sexism, discrimination, and historical trauma For women, these determinants are often interwoven with gender-based inequities—like lower wages, higher rates of part-time employment, disproportionate caregiving duties, and gaps in reproductive and mental healthcare. According to the Canadian Women's Foundation 💡 10% of women  experience low incomes 💡 23% of women with disabilities  experience low incomes 💡 28% of women-led households  face housing insecurity When these elements are unstable or inaccessible — as is often the case for individuals living in poverty — the risk of developing T2D rises dramatically. For those already living with diabetes, social determinants can make it significantly harder to manage the disease and avoid complications. Together, these shape the opportunities to be healthy long before an individual steps into a clinic. The Gendered Face of T2D Across Canada and around the world, the burden of diabetes is not evenly shared. Women experience unique barriers and vulnerabilities that make T2D both harder to prevent and harder to live with: Lower Income = Higher Risk 🔹 In Canada, women are more likely to live in poverty , especially single mothers and senior women. Financial insecurity limits access to healthy food, medications, diabetes supplies, and transportation to appointments. Diabetes prevalence is significantly higher among women in the lowest income quintile and with lower literacy levels. Unpaid Caregiving Takes a Toll 🔹 Many women juggle caregiving for children, partners, and aging parents—often at the expense of their own health. Stress, disrupted sleep, limited time for exercise or meal planning, and missed appointments all increase diabetes risk and make management more difficult. Sexual and Reproductive Health 🔹 Women with diabetes face higher risks during pregnancy (gestational diabetes, preeclampsia), menopause (increased insulin resistance), and may experience different symptom patterns, including higher rates of depression and eating disorders—all of which impact glycemic control. Racism and Intersectionality 🔹 Indigenous women in Canada have among the highest rates of T2D, influenced by colonial history and ongoing inequities. First Nations adults living off-reserve experience T2D at 1.72 times  the rate of non-Indigenous adults. Métis and Inuit adults have T2D rates 1.22 and 1.18  times higher, respectively. Poverty Reduction in British Columbia In July 2024, Diabetes Canada applauded the Government of British Columbia for renewing its commitment to poverty reduction. This provincial initiative, outlined in B.C.’s updated Poverty Reduction Strategy, highlights a fundamental truth long recognized in public health: poverty is about more than income . It's about the structural and social conditions that shape health outcomes — especially for chronic diseases like T2D. Women, particularly single mothers, elderly women, and Indigenous women, are disproportionately affected by poverty . Therefore, poverty reduction strategies are crucial for addressing health inequities faced by women with T2D. "Some British Columbians pay up to $2,800 a year on costs related to diabetes care and management, and for individuals with low-income, such costs are unsustainable."  B.C. is home to over 596,000 people diagnosed with diabetes, a number projected to rise by 29% in the next decade. Beyond personal and community health impacts, diabetes costs the provincial healthcare system over $583 million annually, with projections climbing to $747 million by 2029. Women with T2D who are living in poverty may struggle to afford essential medications, supplies, and healthy food, leading to poorer disease management and health outcomes. BC Poverty Reduction Coalition While these efforts are commendable, Diabetes Canada urges further action — specifically the adoption of a comprehensive, evidence-informed diabetes strategy as outlined in the Framework for Diabetes in Canada While B.C. provides drug coverage for some diabetes medications, co-pays and deductibles remain a barrier — particularly for low-income individuals. If a physician-prescribed treatment isn’t listed on the provincial formulary, patients may be forced to pay out-of-pocket or forgo essential care altogether. Some people in B.C. report spending up to $2,800 per year  on diabetes-related costs — a figure that is often unsustainable for those with low incomes. Pharmacare Milestone for T2D The recent agreement between the Government of British Columbia and the Government of Canada to implement national Pharmacare marks a major milestone in advancing health equity—especially for people living with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Beginning March 1, 2026, eligible residents will receive 100% coverage for diabetes medications, with expanded coverage for diabetes-related devices and supplies starting in April 2026. This policy is especially significant when viewed through the lens of social determinants of health. For individuals and families facing economic hardship, medication costs can be a barrier to optimal diabetes management, leading to poorer health outcomes and increased strain on the healthcare system. This policy change will particularly benefit women with T2D from lower-income backgrounds by removing financial barriers to accessing these critical resources. By eliminating out-of-pocket expenses for life-sustaining medications and supplies, national pharmacare has the potential to reduce the disproportionate burden of diabetes among lower-income populations, rural communities, and Indigenous peoples—groups who often face systemic barriers to accessing care. Seamless integration through BC PharmaCare and automatic coverage at the pharmacy counter further ensure that equitable access does not depend on navigating complex administrative processes. This policy change, combined with BC’s broader poverty reduction efforts , represents a strong commitment to addressing the root causes of health inequities and improving outcomes for people with T2D across the province. Why This Matters for Healthcare When healthcare providers understand the broader context in which people live, they can offer care that is more effective and compassionate. That means: ✅ Asking about food access, housing stability, and income—not just blood sugar. ✅ Providing culturally safe and trauma-informed care. ✅ Advocating for systemic changes—like affordable medication, access to community programs, and anti-poverty initiatives. ✅ Supporting policies that promote health equity and reduce barriers to care. To improve outcomes for women with T2D, we must treat more than the disease—we must treat the conditions that create and sustain it. That means looking beyond the clinic walls and challenging the systems that undermine women’s health. What Can We Do? 💡Improving diabetes outcomes means going beyond clinic walls. It means creating a society where the healthy choice is the easy choice , and where no one is denied health because of their zip code, sex, income, language, or skin colour. 👉 Whether you're a healthcare provider, policy maker, researcher, or advocate, tackling diabetes requires seeing the bigger picture. 👉 When we address poverty, inequity, gendered expectations, and systemic barriers, we’re not just managing diabetes—we’re transforming health. Take a look at these resources : 🌐Canada's Women's Foundation: https://canadianwomen.org/the-facts/womens-poverty/ 🌐Women's Health Research Institute at BC Women's: https://whri.org/ Written and clinically validated by Clare Koning, RN, MN, PhD – Supporting evidence-based content at the T2D Network.

Every year, National Volunteer Week (NVW)  is a time to recognize, celebrate, and thank the millions of volunteers across Canada who dedicate their time, energy, and passion to building stronger, healthier communities. This year, National Volunteer Week  takes place April 27 to May 3, 2025 , and the theme is " Volunteers Make Waves ," beautifully highlighting the powerful impact of volunteerism across the country. Hear more about Volunteer Canada's action strategy, the volunteer crisis, and how the challenges can be addressed. Here Sara Lyons discusses how the spirit of volunteering can be upheld and how it can build communities and relationships. Just like water in constant motion — flowing, shifting, and transforming — volunteers bring change with every action they take, big or small. Whether it’s a powerful surge or a quiet ripple, each volunteer effort creates momentum that improves well-being, builds social connection, and strengthens resilience across our communities. Special NVW Celebration: In Conversation with Autumn Peltier As part of the National Volunteer Week  celebrations, Volunteer Canada  is hosting a special event featuring internationally recognized Indigenous water protector Autumn Peltier . Since the age of 12, Autumn has been a powerful advocate for clean water and Indigenous rights, earning accolades such as the Sovereign Medal of Exceptional Volunteerism  and being named among Canada’s Top 50 Power Figures  by Macleans  and Elle’s 100: Women Who Are Changing the World . Event Details: In Conversation with Autumn Peltier Date:  Thursday, May 1, 2025 Time:  1:00–2:30 p.m. ET 👉 Register Now This inspiring event will feature an exclusive screening of The Water Walker  film, followed by a dynamic conversation on youth leadership, reconciliation, and the transformative role of volunteerism. Volunteers and Diabetes: Making Waves in Health Advocacy Volunteers play a crucial role in advancing health initiatives, including supporting those living with diabetes. Despite the discovery of insulin over a century ago, diabetes continues to affect millions of Canadians. Organizations like Diabetes Canada  rely on the passion, commitment, and energy of volunteers to create meaningful change. In 2021, Diabetes Canada celebrated a major milestone — the 100th anniversary of the discovery of insulin. Today, volunteers continue to be essential in supporting educational programs, workshops, advocacy efforts, fundraising events, and programs for kids and families impacted by diabetes. 🌟 Interested in Volunteering with Diabetes Canada? Fill out the Expression of Interest Form  and be the first to know about exciting upcoming opportunities! "Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has." — Margaret Mead Find Even More Ways to Get Involved Finding a volunteer opportunity that fits your passion and schedule has never been easier! Thanks to platforms like Volunteer Connector  and Go Volunteer , you can connect directly with non-profits in your community. Volunteer Connector Search or post volunteer opportunities easily. Explore featured BC volunteer listings and digital opportunities, including remote roles like the Digital Host Volunteer  with Vantage Point  — an organization dedicated to transforming BC’s not-for-profit leadership through customized learning opportunities. 👉 Learn more and find opportunities through Volunteer Connector . Go Volunteer Launched in 2003 , GoVolunteer.ca has connected over 1.8 million individuals to charities and non-profits across British Columbia. Find opportunities using geo-coded maps to search in your neighbourhood. Whether you're an individual looking to give back or an organization needing volunteers, GoVolunteer.ca makes it simple. 👉 Visit GoVolunteer.ca  to find your next opportunity to make a difference! Volunteer, Work, and Travel in Canada with Workaway If you're interested in a volunteering experience that combines work and travel , Workaway.info  offers incredible opportunities for low-cost travel and cultural exchange in Canada. With 500+ hosts and organizations  across the country, Workaway provides a platform where you can volunteer and work while exploring new places, connecting with local communities, and making a positive impact. Why Choose Workaway? 50,000+ Projects : From environmental initiatives to community development, there are plenty of ways you can get involved. 163 Countries : Join a global network of volunteers and hosts who are changing the world through cultural exchange. 647,926 Feedbacks : As the world’s leading community for volunteering, Workaway connects individuals passionate about making a difference. Low-Cost Travel : Forget expensive agency fees — Workaway offers budget-friendly travel opportunities while working with local hosts. 👉 Explore Workaway Opportunities in Canada  and start your adventure today! Volunteer BC: Supporting and Connecting Volunteers Across the Province Volunteer BC  is dedicated to advocating for and supporting the voluntary sector throughout the province. Their vision is to be the voice for supporting and connecting volunteerism  to ensure excellence in the sector for the benefit of all British Columbians. With a mission focused on promoting the development and value of volunteerism , Volunteer BC works closely with the general public, volunteer centers, organizations, governments, businesses, and individuals involved in volunteerism. Volunteer BC continuously expands its programs to support both volunteers and organizations in British Columbia, offering valuable resources for anyone interested in the voluntary sector. Mission : To be a strong and relevant provincial voice in volunteerism, promoting its development in partnership with the broader community. Vision : Achieving excellence in volunteerism for the benefit of all British Columbians. Whether you're an individual looking to contribute or an organization seeking volunteers, Volunteer BC  is the platform to explore. 👉 Learn More at Volunteer BC How to Get Started Ready to make your own waves of change? Here’s how you can dive in: Find local opportunities  through Volunteer Connector  and GoVolunteer.ca . Support important causes  like diabetes awareness and education by volunteering with Diabetes Canada . Register for inspiring events  like the In Conversation with Autumn Peltier  event hosted by Volunteer Canada. Volunteer and travel  with Workaway.info  to combine cultural exchange with meaningful volunteer work. Connect with Volunteer BC  for resources, advocacy, and opportunities in your area. Together, we create ripples of change that grow into waves of positive impact across communities. This National Volunteer Week , let’s celebrate the incredible spirit of volunteerism that makes Canada stronger from coast to coast to coast. Stay tuned for more highlights by joining our T2D network

In April 2025, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) officially recognized a new type of diabetes, Type 5 Diabetes , long overlooked in traditional classifications. Type 5 diabetes (T5D) affects between 20 to 25 million people worldwide, primarily in regions such as Asia and Africa. In response to the rising rates, the IDF formed a working group specifically to explore this, c o-chaired by Dr Meredith Hawkins, an endocrinologist and founding director of the Global Diabetes Institute at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, and Dr Nihal Thomas, a professor of endocrinology at Christian Medical College (CMC) in Vellore, Indian. What is Type 5 Diabetes? While type 2 diabetes (T2D) is often associated with overnutrition and metabolic syndrome , T5D stems from the opposite extreme —years of undernutrition, often beginning in childhood. A lso known as malnutrition-related diabetes , primarily affects individuals with a low body mass index (BMI) who have experienced malnutrition during early childhood or sustained periods of undernutrition. In both cases, though, the pancreas becomes unable to maintain glucose homeostasis, highlighting the dual burden of malnutrition : both excess and deficiency  can drive metabolic disease. Speaking at the recent IDF World Diabetes Congress, Professor Schwarz said: “The recognition of type 5 diabetes marks a historic shift in how we approach diabetes globally. For too long, this condition has gone unrecognised, affecting millions of people and depriving them of access to adapted care. With the launch of the Type 5 Diabetes Working Group, we are taking decisive steps to correct this. This is about equity, science, and saving lives.” Historically referred to in literature as protein-deficient pancreatic diabetes (PDPD)  or fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) . The pancreas, while anatomically intact, becomes functionally compromised , resulting in impaired insulin production. This functional deterioration is not due to β-cell destruction, but due to chronic metabolic stress and nutrient scarcity . In an era where climate change, political instability, and global economic shocks increasingly affect food systems, nutrition insecurity is rising —even in countries like Canada , the UK, and the United States. This underscores why T5D is no longer solely a disease of the Global South. For years, people living with this form of diabetes were often misdiagnosed with type 1 or T2D, leading to inappropriate treatments. By officially classifying it as type 5, we now have a clearer understanding of its unique metabolic characteristics, which will allow for better diagnosis, care, and treatment tailored to this specific population. With increasing awareness, however, similar pathophysiological patterns are now being identified in marginalized populations within high-income countries —raising concern that Type 5 diabetes is more widespread than previously acknowledged . “ Malnutrition-related diabetes is more common than tuberculosis and nearly as common as HIV/AIDS,” said Dr. Hawkins from IDF. “But without a name, we couldn’t identify patients or create therapies.” Key Features of Type 5 Diabetes Early Onset:  Often develops before age 30. Low BMI:  Individuals maintain a BMI of <19 kg/m² due to chronic undernutrition. No Ketones:  Unlike typical type 1 diabetes, individuals with type 5 rarely experience ketones, even with uncontrolled blood glucose. Insulin Resistance:  They often require high doses of insulin but do not exhibit the same insulin resistance seen in type 2 diabetes. Complications:  Increased risk of diabetes-related complications, especially in the context of food insecurity and poverty. Additionally and compared to T2D Lower insulin secretion  compared to lean individuals without diabetes. Higher glucose production and uptake  compared to individuals with type 2 diabetes. Lower levels of visceral fat  and hepatocellular lipids  compared to type 2 diabetes patients. These patients are often misdiagnosed with T1D  because of their need for high insulin doses, even though they do not share the autoimmune features of type 1 or the typical insulin resistance seen in type 2. A Brief History of Malnutrition-Related Diabetes This form of diabetes has been recognized in medical literature for over 60 years. The condition was first observed by Hugh-Jones in Jamaica in 1955 , where he encountered patients who didn’t fit the classic profiles of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Their condition was associated with low BMI, early onset of diabetes, and a history of malnutrition. In 1985 , the World Health Organization (WHO) officially classified it as Malnutrition-Related Diabetes Mellitus (MRDM) . However, in 1999, the WHO withdrew the classification due to insufficient evidence linking malnutrition directly to diabetes development. Despite the removal of the classification, subsequent studies continued to support the existence of a unique form of diabetes among individuals with low BMI, especially in LMICs. Studies from countries such as India, Ethiopia, and Iran have shown that this condition is common among individuals who meet the criteria for MRDM, but who were previously misdiagnosed as type 1. The reclassification of MRDM as T5D  by the International Diabetes Federation in 2025 reflects this growing consensus in the scientific community and highlights an urgent need to revisit diabetes screening and treatment strategies in under-resourced populations. The acknowledgment of Type 5 Diabetes not only closes a critical gap in our understanding of global diabetes epidemiology but also calls for the development of tailored, evidence-based treatment protocols. Importantly, it re-centres nutrition and poverty as key determinants of metabolic health—factors that have been underappreciated in the conventional classifications of diabetes until now. The Importance of This Recognition The recognition of T5D is critical for several reasons: ✅ Better Diagnosis: It allows healthcare providers to more accurately diagnose and treat individuals who would otherwise be misclassified as having type 1 diabetes. Understanding that this condition exists as a separate entity will prevent the overuse of insulin therapy, which can be dangerous in populations with food insecurity. ✅ Tailored Treatment Plans: Because individuals with Type 5 Diabetes often have different metabolic profiles from those with type 1 or type 2, they require different management strategies. Research shows that many of these patients don’t need the aggressive insulin regimens that are typically used for type 1 diabetes. Reducing unnecessary insulin use can also prevent dangerous hypoglycemic episodes. ✅ A Step Towards Health Equity: The majority of people affected by T5D live in low to middle income countries, where healthcare resources are often scarce. Recognizing this condition opens the door for more research, better diagnostic tools, and greater awareness, ultimately improving healthcare for vulnerable populations. Connecting T5D and T2D: The Nutritional Link We’re Missing At first glance, Type 2  and Type 5 diabetes  seem worlds apart. But despite their different appearances, these two forms of diabetes are more connected than we might think—especially when it comes to micronutrient deficiencies , sometimes referred to as hidden hunger . A recent systematic review and meta-analysis  in BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health  (2025) pulled data from over 130 studies and 52,000 people  with T2D across the globe. What it found was eye-opening: nearly half  of those withT2D had at least one important micronutrient deficiency. 45.3%  of people with Type 2 diabetes were missing key micronutrients Women  were more affected than men (48.6% vs. 42.5%) The most common deficiencies were: Vitamin D  – 60.45% Magnesium  – 41.95% Iron  – 27.81% Vitamin B12  – 22.01% Among those on metformin  (a common diabetes medication), B12 deficiency  jumped to 28.72% “These deficiencies may act as catalysts in the pathways leading to several diseases like type 2 diabetes.” — Mangal D, et al., 2025 You don’t have to be underweight to be undernourished.  Even people with obesity—often seen in T2D—can be malnourished at the cellular level . Micronutrient shortfalls can mess with insulin signaling, hinder pancreatic function, and throw glucose metabolism out of balance. That’s where T5D comes back into the picture. It’s already been shown to stem from undernutrition—but now, we’re realizing that some of the same deficiencies show up in Type 2 , just wearing a different disguise. So instead of seeing these two types as opposites, it might make more sense to think of them as different expressions of the same underlying issue : the body not getting what it needs to regulate blood sugar properly. These results highlight how subclinical malnutrition —even in the presence of obesity or normal weight—can interfere with insulin signaling, pancreatic function, and glucose metabolism . Thus, the biological boundary between Type 2 an d Type 5 diabetes is increasingly blurred. What’s Next? The reclassification of T5D  is just the beginning of a much-needed shift in how we understand and manage diabetes. Although T5D  is still emerging in the scientific community, it brings to light the need for more research to define and treat this condition, especially in resource-limited settings. As we gain a clearer picture, it’s likely that we’ll see new approaches to diagnosis and treatment for those living with T5D, a form of diabetes often connected with malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries. An important area for progress will be improving diagnostic criteria. As research continues, we’ll likely develop better and more accurate tests that can differentiate T5D  from other forms of diabetes, particularly Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) . This is critical because while both types share certain features, they have distinct metabolic processes that require tailored management. In addition to better diagnostic tools, there is a growing call for more research funding to focus on malnutrition-related diabetes , especially in low-income countries. Much like T2D, T5D is intricately tied to nutrition, and increased funding will help us understand these conditions better and, ultimately, improve outcomes for affected populations. Another important area of focus will be global health advocacy. There is a rising awareness of the intersection between nutrition , poverty , and chronic diseases  like T2D  and T5D . The connection between food insecurity and diabetes, particularly in regions with limited resources, is becoming impossible to ignore. As more attention is given to this issue, we can advocate for policies that ensure people in food-insecure regions receive the care and support they need. What This Means for Clinical Practice For healthcare providers, the implications of T5D  and T2D  will shape daily clinical practices. One of the most immediate changes is making nutrition screening  a routine part of diabetes care. Patients with either T5D  or T2D , especially those with low BMI, chronic illness, or a history of food insecurity, should be assessed for micronutrient deficiencies and malnutrition. By screening for these issues early, we can identify potential complications that may contribute to disease progression and intervene before they worsen. In addition to screening, tailored supplementation  will become an essential part of managing both T2D  and T5D . Both conditions are often linked to specific micronutrient deficiencies, including vitamin D , magnesium , iron , and B12 . These deficiencies can interfere with insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, making it crucial to integrate routine screenings for these vitamins and minerals into diabetes management plans. For patients taking metformin —a common medication for T2D—it’s especially important to monitor B12 levels , as long-term use of the drug can lead to deficiencies. Lastly, healthcare providers can play a crucial role in supporting food security  initiatives. By advocating for policies that increase access to nutritious, affordable food, particularly for vulnerable populations such as children, seniors, and individuals with chronic illnesses, we can help reduce the risk of malnutrition-related diabetes and improve the overall health of these communities. 🌐 Learn More Read more about this atypical diabetes Learn about the T5D at the IDF Diabetes Learn more about micronutrient deficiency in T2D Discover how social determinants of health impact diabetes care by joining us at our upcoming vodcast June 3rd, 2025 Register here 🌍Stay tuned for more interesting insight from the T2D Network

May 12–18, 2025 marks National Nursing Week (NNW) in Canada. This week is a time to recognize and celebrate the enduring dedication, compassion, and leadership of nurses in our healthcare system. This year’s theme, “The Power of Nurses to Transform Health,” highlights the vital role nurses play in achieving better health outcomes for individuals and communities, both in Canada and worldwide. This annual celebration is rooted in the legacy of Florence Nightingale . Her birthday, May 12, is celebrated as International Nurses Day around the globe. Each year, national and provincial nursing organizations coordinate various events and initiatives. These efforts amplify the contributions of nurses and nursing educators. Message from BCNU for Nursing Week Why We Celebrate National Nursing Week in Canada National Nursing Week is an observance that recognizes the profound contributions of nurses. Their impact reaches individuals, families, and communities across Canada. This celebration began in 1971 when the International Council of Nurses established it. In 1985 , the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) passed a resolution with the federal government. They designated the week containing May 12 as National Nurses Week . This was renamed National Nursing Week in 1993 to better reflect the scope and professionalism of nursing. Nursing isn’t just a profession - it’s a driving force for better health outcomes and stronger care systems. - International Council of Nurses (ICN) During Nursing Week, we honour nurses' dedication, compassion, and expertise. We also advocate for their professional needs. Each year, the chosen theme reflects the current priorities in nursing. It showcases their essential role in transforming health systems. Filmmaker Carolyn Jones ) : “Nurses know more about who we are and what makes us tick than anybody else.”* Carolyn Jones spent five years interviewing, photographing, and filming nurses across America. She traveled to places facing significant public health issues. Carolyn shares personal stories on TED, celebrating the everyday heroes who work on the front lines of health care. What’s Happening in Canada for Nursing Week? National Nursing Week 2025 is a time to celebrate the contributions of nurses across the country. This year’s theme, “The Power of Nurses to Transform Health,” is brought to life through numerous events. Leading nursing organizations across Canada are hosting various programs. From virtual learning sessions and leadership panels to public engagement campaigns, nurses are recognized for their critical roles. Organizations like the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA), Nurses and Nurse Practitioners of BC (NNPBC), British Columbia Nurses Union (BCNU), and the Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing (CASN) collaborate to offer diverse programming. This highlights innovation, equity, research, and collaboration across all nursing practices. Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) The CNA leads this year’s NNW theme and is offering a variety of virtual events: May 12, 12:00 p.m. ET:   The Role of Nurses in Indigenous Health Care . May 13, 12:00 p.m. ET:   The Power of Nurses to Transform Our Health, Our Future, and Our Planet . May 15, 12:00 p.m. ET:   The Power of Nurses to Transform Care with Artificial Intelligence . May 16:   CNA Fireside Chat With Nursing Leaders and a virtual King Charles III Coronation Medal Recognition Event . CNA Nursing Week Promotion Material Nurses and Nurse Practitioners of BC (NNPBC): Virtual Learning Series The Nurses and Nurse Practitioners of British Columbia (NNPBC) are celebrating National Nursing Week 2025 with a Virtual Learning Series from May 12 to 16 . Sessions showcase the innovation, leadership, and impact of nurses across the province. The week of interactive sessions reflects NNPBC’s commitment to health equity and system transformation. Monday, May 12 | 12–1 p.m. PT: Lunch & Learn: Indigenous Nursing Services . Tuesday, May 13 | 12–1 p.m. PT: Lunch & Learn: Nursing Initiatives for Primary Care . Wednesday, May 14 | 12–1 p.m. PT: Fireside Chat: The Power of the Unified Nursing Voice . Thursday, May 15 | 11 a.m.–12 p.m. PT: Lunch & Learn: NP Regional Leadership Team . Friday, May 16 | 11 a.m.–12 p.m. PT: Fireside Chat: Engaging in Nursing Research and Quality Improvement . NNPBC Nursing Week Promotion Material 📌 Click here to register for the sessions. NNPBC recognizes the vital role of nurses across all designations—LPNs, RNs, RPNs, and NPs. They continue to advocate for a unified and inclusive nursing voice in B.C.'s evolving health system. Their activities also reflect respect for Indigenous Peoples and a commitment to anti-racism and social justice. British Columbia Nurses’ Union (BCNU) BCNU honours National Nursing Week 2025 with engaging initiatives: Various member outreach events throughout the North East region. A BCNU campaign vehicle will be on site . Check out the BCNU Events Calendar for local activities. Province-wide radio tributes by BCNU President Adriane Gear. Sponsorship for four members , including one Indigenous nurse, to attend the International Council of Nurses Congress in Helsinki . A special webinar on May 14 at 12 p.m. PDT for National Nursing Student Day. Regional events across BC, including community celebrations and workshops. Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing (CASN) CASN spotlights the vital role of nursing education this week. Their theme, “The Powerful Impact of Nursing Education on Transforming Health Care,” includes programming such as: May 10: University of Alberta Open House . May 12: International Nurses Day with a CNA session on Nurses in Indigenous Health Care . May 13: CNA webinar on Nurses Transforming Health . May 14: National Nursing Student Day with a Virtual Vendor Showcase . May 15: CNA webinar on Artificial Intelligence in Nursing Care . May 16: CNA Fireside Chat with Nursing Leaders . May 17–18: Weekend for reflection and celebration. Share your stories online. Thank You Nurse Educators Cards : A downloadable card for expressing gratitude. Encouraging schools to submit events, stories, or shoutouts for the CASN NNW page. CASN Nursing Week Promotion Material Join the Celebration Whether you are a nurse, student, educator, administrator, or supporter, National Nursing Week 2025 is an opportunity to celebrate the difference nurses make every day. From bedside to boardroom and classroom to community, the power of nurses to transform health is clear. 📣 How are you celebrating NNW 2025? Share your stories and photos to honour and uplift the profession that carries us forward.

Blog Key Insights ✅Our umbrella review found that culturally tailored, community-based interventions are most effective for preventing and managing T2D in South Asian populations. ✅ In Surrey, BC, we’re bringing diabetes screening and education into trusted community spaces, with a focus on early detection, culturally adapted tools, and stigma reduction. ✅ Joy, our patient partner and a South Asian woman living with T2D, shares her lived experience in a powerful video that highlights the importance of culturally informed care. ✅ Our work is about more than healthcare — it's about inclusion, representation, and making diabetes support truly accessible. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) continues to rise at an alarming rate across the globe, but its impact is not evenly distributed. South Asian populations, including those from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, are among the most disproportionately affected, developing T2DM earlier, and often with more severe complications, than other ethnic groups. The South Asian community has grown significantly in the last 25 years, according to Stats Canada - the majority of whom were immigrants. Image: Stats Canada: South Asian Immigration to Canada An Ontarian study examined how many of these South Asian immigrants had diabetes and found a rate of 15.9%; higher than the 11.6% prevalence in the non-immigrant population. The study also found that men had higher rates of diabetes than women in each South Asian group. Sociodemographic factors, such as income, education, English proficiency, and refugee status, were also associated with higher diabetes prevalence. This elevated risk is shaped by a complex intersection of genetic predisposition, cultural dietary habits, socioeconomic stressors, and access barriers that demand not only clinical attention but also a deep understanding of the community context. Why Focus on South Asian Communities? Studying this population isn’t just about numbers, though the numbers are striking. In Canada alone, over 2 million people identify as South Asian, making up the largest racialized group in the country. In 2021, South Asians made up 7.1% of Canada's total population, representing over a quarter (26.7%) of the visible minority group. British Columbia is home to nearly half a million individuals of South Asian descent, many of whom live in cities like Surrey, where cultural and religious institutions serve as anchors of community life. Despite these numbers, South Asian communities remain underrepresented in health research and underserved in preventive and diabetes care. We believe that addressing diabetes disparities in this group is about more than improving clinical outcomes. It's about equity, representation, and inclusion. Culturally relevant approaches aren't just “nice to have”, they're essential to building trust and delivering care that makes sense in people’s daily lives. Focusing on this population allows us to spotlight solutions that are tailored, respectful, and sustainable. What We Learned: Our Umbrella Review To better understand what works in preventing and managing T2DM in South Asian populations, our team conducted an umbrella review , a rigorous synthesis of 21 existing systematic reviews, including 7 meta-analyses. This review, recently published in the Clinical Journal of Diabetes Care and Control  (September 2024) , highlights the critical role of culturally tailored, community-based interventions. We found that interventions are far more effective when they align with people’s lived realities, whether that means incorporating traditional foods into dietary plans, respecting religious practices such as fasting during Ramadan, or providing materials in a person’s first language. The most impactful programs were those that combined practical lifestyle guidance with accessible self-management education and supportive technology, such as mobile health apps and reminder systems. Importantly, the review emphasized the power of multidisciplinary, community-anchored care. Programs that engaged dietitians, pharmacists, nurses, family members, and community health workers were more likely to foster ongoing participation and behavior change. This evidence gave us the confidence to move from academic findings to real-world action, creating a bridge between research and community empowerment. Bridging Research and Reality: Our Community-Based Initiative in Surrey, BC Inspired by the findings of our umbrella review, we launched a project in Surrey, BC. Surrey is home to one of Canada’s largest South Asian communities; 37.8% of the Surrey population was South Asian ( 2021 census ). This project, running from March to August 2025, is a collaboration between a local pharmacy, the Canada Indian Network Society (CINS) , and several South Asian community organizations. Our approach is simple but powerful: meet people where they are. We’ve brought diabetes screening directly into temples, gurdwaras, mosques, and community centres, trusted spaces where individuals feel comfortable and respected. Our mobile screening clinics aim to reach up to 300 people every two months, with a focus on early detection and rapid follow-up. Those identified as at risk are immediately linked to primary care, reducing the typical wait time and barriers that often prevent timely diagnosis. But this initiative is more than a screening campaign. It’s a community-driven model of care. In collaboration with the Integrated Practice and Training Network (IPTN), we’re developing culturally adapted self-management tools, including visual guides, recipe cards, and bilingual digital resources, co-created with input from South Asian individuals living with diabetes. These materials are designed not only to inform but also to reflect the cultural values, family dynamics, and everyday challenges that people face. We’ve also embedded a stigma-reduction strategy into this work. Too often, diabetes is perceived as a personal failure or something to hide, especially among older adults and women. By engaging patient partners and community influencers, we’re starting conversations that de-stigmatize the disease and encourage proactive care-seeking. What we learnt from Joy, our patient partner, and her lived experience Meet Joy, a vibrant voice in our community and a passionate patient partner. Joy is of South Asian descent and has been living with type 2 diabetes. In this video, she opens up about her personal journey, the challenges, the turning points, and the strength she’s found along the way. Through her story, we gain insight into the lived experience of managing diabetes and the power of culturally informed care. Let’s hear from Joy. What This Means for Healthcare Providers and the Public For healthcare providers, this work is a reminder that culturally informed care is more than translation. It’s about listening, collaborating, and designing interventions that are grounded in people’s lived experience. Providers must consider cultural norms, family roles, and socioeconomic realities when offering care plans. Small changes, such as integrating traditional foods into meal planning or using familiar metaphors to explain blood sugar, can have a profound impact on trust and engagement. For the South Asian public, our message is this: diabetes is not a life sentence, and you are not alone. Early screening, culturally relevant information, and community-based support can dramatically reduce your risk and help you live well with diabetes. Our work is about making those tools truly accessible, not just available in clinics, but embedded in the fabric of community life. Taking the Next Step The burden of T2D in South Asian communities is significant, but so is our opportunity to respond with compassion, evidence, and creativity. Our project in Surrey is just one example of how research can move off the page and into action. It shows what’s possible when academic rigor meets grassroots collaboration. We are also one of the few websites for T2D support that have a dedicated webpage focusing sorely on South Asian resources. We’re committed to continuing this work, expanding partnerships, and sharing what we learn. We hope others, whether researchers, policymakers, practitioners, or community members, will join us in reimagining what diabetes care can look like: inclusive, personalized, and rooted in equity. This isn’t just about fighting a disease, it’s about affirming the right to good health for all.

Blog highlights ✅ 10 users (5 HCPs, 5 patients) evaluated six usability domains. ✅ Content rated highly accurate by 80% of HCPs and patients. ✅ Key issues: complex menus, dense content, mobile layout, and lack of interactivity. ✅ 43 of 52 user recommendations have already been implemented. ✅ Ongoing commitment to co-design and inclusive usability testing. In today’s fast-paced digital world, websites must continually evolve to stay relevant and meet the needs of their users. The T2D Network website, an essential resource for healthcare professionals (HCPs) and individuals managing type 2 diabetes (T2D), is no exception. Officially re-launched after a major rebuild in March 2025, the website recently underwent its first quarterly review, aimed at assessing how well it serves its diverse user base. This post will explore the findings of that review, showcasing the strengths of the website while also addressing areas for improvement. The quarterly review took a user-centered approach, focusing on feedback from those who use the site regularly. Ten participants were selected to represent the key audiences of the website: five healthcare professionals (HCPs) with expertise in diabetes care, and five patient partners living with T2D. These participants evaluated the website across six key domains: content accuracy and relevance, usability and navigation, functionality and accessibility, mobile and browser compatibility, the incorporation of new technologies, and user suggestions. This comprehensive approach ensured that the feedback gathered would cover all aspects of the website’s performance. Key Findings from the Website Quarterly Review Key Findings Content Accuracy & Relevance : Both groups rated content accuracy highly, with 80% of HCPs and patients agreeing it was "very accurate." Relevance was also positively rated, though slightly lower among patients (70% rating it as "very relevant"). Usability & Navigation : Healthcare professionals found the site easy to navigate (80%), but patients struggled more: only 20% found it "very easy," with 80% rating the ease of finding information as either "somewhat easy" or "not at all easy." User Experience : HCPs rated their experience positively (60% excellent), while only 20% of patients rated it as "excellent," highlighting a gap in overall user satisfaction, especially for patients. Key Issues Identified Navigation & Design : Patients experienced difficulty due to complex navigation and dense menus. The mobile experience was especially challenging due to layout issues and excessive scrolling. Language & Accessibility : Both groups highlighted the need for simpler language, with suggestions for better accessibility features like voice control, AI-guided navigation, and multilingual support. Interactivity : There was interest in more interactive features such as chatbots and explainer videos, as well as a focus on simplifying content and reducing unnecessary details. Healthcare professionals valued the website’s accuracy and alignment with clinical standards, suggesting updates on insulin types, medical devices, and the inclusion of clinician bios. While patients appreciated the content but desired more specific medical details and simpler language. They also requested content tailored to specific communities and better usability. Hear our patient's partner, Joy's, first impressions of the new T2D Network Website. Recommendations for Improvement Simplify Navigation and Layout Enhance Accessibility Improve Content Usability Increase Interactivity Tailor Content for Specific Groups: Optimize Search Engine and Mobile Features In response to the feedback received, the T2D Network team has outlined a comprehensive action plan and to date, we have implemented 43 of the 52 recommendations from our reviewers, and are working on the remaining items. Testimonials: Voices of Users The review also captured qualitative feedback from both healthcare professionals and patients. Positive feedback highlighted the value of the website’s content and user-friendliness. One patient partner commented, “I love this website. It’s going to evolve over time and be incredibly useful.” Another patient added, “I’m amazed by the amount of content and the Team page. It’s fantastic.” Healthcare professionals also expressed their satisfaction, with one saying, “This is one of the best sites I’ve seen. So thankful for it.” Lessons Learned and the Path Forward The review emphasized an important lesson: while content is king, user experience is paramount. The significant difference in feedback between healthcare professionals and patients points to areas where the site can improve. Several factors may explain the differences in user feedback. First, the HCP side of the website was developed earlier, allowing more time to refine and test it, while the patient sections were added later. Also, healthcare professionals are generally more comfortable using digital platforms and medical terms, making the site easier for them to navigate. On the other hand, patients may expect more personalized, culturally relevant, and interactive content that better reflects their own experiences with diabetes. In response to these insights, the T2D Network team is committed to continuous co-design with patients, involving them more directly in the development process. The team will also conduct more inclusive usability testing with diverse patient populations to uncover and resolve any barriers to accessibility and usability. The goal is to ensure that the website evolves to meet the needs of all users, regardless of their background or technical expertise. Our Commitment to Excellence The ongoing quarterly review of the T2D Network website demonstrates the team’s dedication to user satisfaction and continuous improvement. By actively seeking user feedback and responding with concrete actions, the T2D Network is ensuring that its online platform remains a trusted, accessible resource for both healthcare professionals and individuals living with T2D. The lessons learned from this review will guide future development, ensuring the website remains a vital tool for T2D education, support, and care. This version should provide a clear, cohesive narrative while covering all the essential findings and actions from the review in an engaging and informative way.

Blog Highlights ✅ Patient Partners helped co-design the T2D Network website from the ground up. ✅ Lived experiences shaped site content, design, and accessibility. ✅ Website offers tailored content for South Asian, East Asian, and Indigenous communities. ✅ Features include simple and in-depth content, search tools, and AI support. ✅ Patient involvement turned the platform into a trusted, inclusive resource. When you visit the Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Network website, you will notice something unique—something deeply human. Behind every section, video, and culturally relevant resource lies the input of people living with T2D. One of those voices belongs to Joy, a Patient Partner who helped co-design the website from the ground up. Her story, shared in a three-part video series , reveals how vital patient experience is for building digital tools that genuinely meet community needs. “I Am Diabetic. It’s a Part of My Life.” Joy’s T2D journey began over six years ago. Like many, her diagnosis was not accompanied by clear guidance. Despite maintaining a healthy lifestyle, her A1C levels remained high. She recalls being told, “It must be your genes.” This left her navigating generic dietary advice—like avoiding pasta and red meat—that didn’t reflect her culture, food preferences, or habits. “I was looking at these lists and thinking, ‘But I don’t even eat these foods,’” she reminisced, recalling a diabetes education session where she and two other South Asian women exchanged puzzled looks. “We were kind of wondering, okay, where do we go from here?” This feeling of being unseen and underrepresented sparked Joy’s passion for shaping the T2D Network website into something that is more inclusive, accessible, and empowering. From Overwhelm to Ownership When Joy was asked about her thoughts on the new T2D Network website, her enthusiasm was palpable. “There’s so much information that anybody looking for anything can find it there. That’s what you need.” She appreciates the breadth of content—from evidence-based insights on medication and nutrition to culturally relevant guidance for communities like hers. “There are some people who want to do a deep dive like me,” she expressed, noting the site’s mix of technical and simple content. “Then there are others who just want an overview... and there’s that little icon where you can type in what you want. You even have the AI feature!” However, the most significant change for Joy was the feeling of belonging. “I don’t feel like I’m some outsider and I’m lost,” she noted. “We can now tailor-make what works for us.” Co-Design in Action Joy doesn’t simply refer to the website as “the website.” She proudly calls it “our website.” As a Patient Partner, she significantly contributed to designing the platform—providing feedback, raising concerns, and advocating for the need for culturally specific content. She took great pride in pushing for dedicated sections for South Asian and East Asian communities. “That’s what I kept talking about,” she remarked. “And it’s worked out so well.” The collaborative process instilled Joy and her fellow partners with a sense of purpose. “I’m really proud of us,” she reflected. “We were so passionate… we really wanted others to not have the issues that we had.” For her, patient partnership is not just about being heard; it’s about ensuring every person's experience is acknowledged. T2D Network Website home page Why Patient Partnership Matters Including individuals living with T2D in the website design was not merely symbolic—it was strategic. By prioritizing lived experience, the T2D Network ensured that the content was not only evidence-based but also deeply relevant. Patient Partners helped identify information gaps and suggest user-friendly features while reviewing content for clarity and cultural resonance. Their contributions have transformed the T2D Network website into a trusted, comprehensive resource for patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers across British Columbia. This is just the beginning. As Joy stated, “Now every person who goes to that website… they can have a meaningful conversation with their doctor.” Listen and Learn Patient Partner Vodcast —a powerful three-part conversation about living with type 2 diabetes, navigating cultural gaps in care, and helping build a resource that works for everyone . The T2D Network is more than just a collection of facts. It’s a growing community shaped by and for the people it serves. Now, it is your turn to engage. Explore the T2D Network T2D Network website  to discover practical, culturally relevant resources for patients and healthcare providers. Whether you're newly diagnosed, supporting a loved one, or working in the healthcare system, there’s something here for you. ✅ Browse trusted resources for healthcare professionals and patients with T2D ✅ Discover culturally tailored information, Indigenous , South Asian , and East Asian ✅ Take a look at the projects we're working on ✅ Join the conversation by becoming part of the Network Let’s continue building a stronger, more connected diabetes community—together.

Key Highlights: ✅ Indigenous Peoples are diagnosed with T2D younger and face more complications. ✅ Food insecurity, poverty, and trauma fuel higher diabetes rates. ✅ Community-led efforts promote traditional foods and prevention. ✅ Indigenous-focused training helps providers deliver culturally safe care. ✅ Providers can advance equity through education and advocacy. As we celebrate Canadian Indigenous History Month , it is essential to reflect on the unique challenges that Indigenous communities face when it comes to health, particularly with regard to chronic conditions like Type 2 diabetes (T2D). This month provides an opportunity not only to honor the rich history and culture of Indigenous Peoples but also to recognize the significant health disparities they continue to experience. Indigenous populations in Canada, including First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples, have been disproportionately affected by T2D. Indigenous Peoples experience rates of T2D that are three to five times higher than the general population. A systematic review of Canadian evidence reports that diabetes rates among adults living on reserves can be as high as 17.2%, compared to 5% in the general Canadian population. In Canada, age-standardized prevalence rates for diabetes (type 1 & 2) in Indigenous popula tions, compared to 5.0% in the general population. Indigenous people are being diagnosed with T2D at younger ages, often around 12 years old, with more severe symptoms at onset, higher rates of complications, and less favorable treatment outcomes. These figures are alarming, but they also highlight the need for targeted action to address the root causes of these disparities. Root Causes: The Impact of Social Determinants of Health The rise of T2D among Indigenous communities cannot be understood without considering the broader context of social determinants of health. Factors like food insecurity, poverty, limited access to healthcare, and historical trauma, including the impacts of colonization and residential schools, have all contributed to the higher rates of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Food insecurity, in particular, is a significant issue. Many Indigenous communities, especially those in remote areas, have limited access to nutritious foods, which plays a direct role in the development of T2D. Research conducted in Canada  highlights that the prevalence and severity of household food insecurity among Indigenous households are approximately 2 to 6 times higher than those of non-Indigenous households, varying by geographic location and living conditions. For instance, the lack of access to culturally relevant, affordable, and healthy food has led to dietary changes that contribute to poor health outcomes, including T2D. Moreover, the impact of historical trauma cannot be overlooked. However, progress is tangible. A report from the National Collaborating Centre for Indigenous Health highlights progress on the UN Sustainable Development Goals for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples in Canada, building on a 2018 assessment and covering 17 goals across five thematic areas. Indigenous Resilience: A Legacy of Strength and Community Despite the significant challenges, Indigenous communities have demonstrated remarkable resilience in the face of adversity. From the revitalization of traditional foods and healing practices to the implementation of community-led health initiatives, Indigenous Peoples continue to show strength in combating T2D. Hear the lived experience of Sasha and her family, a patient partner of Diabetes Action Canada. The National Aboriginal Diabetes Association (NADA)  has been at the forefront of diabetes prevention and management, providing culturally appropriate resources, advocacy, and education. NADA’s programs are empowering Indigenous communities by promoting traditional food systems and healthy eating practices rooted in cultural identity. Additionally, Indigenous-led initiatives like the San’yas Indigenous Cultural Safety Training  are working to equip healthcare providers with the skills needed to offer culturally safe and effective care. These programs are not only crucial for improving health outcomes but also for fostering trust between healthcare providers and Indigenous communities. Indigenous communities have also turned to creative solutions, like Indigenous Food Projects Initiatives in BC, which works to promote food sovereignty and provide access to traditional, nutritious foods. These grassroots efforts are helping to rebuild food systems that are both healthy and sustainable, supporting communities in their journey toward better health. The Role of Healthcare Providers As healthcare professionals, it is essential to be aware of the unique health needs of Indigenous populations, particularly when it comes to T2D. Understanding the social, cultural, and historical factors that contribute to these health disparities is the first step in providing equitable and effective care. Healthcare providers must engage with Indigenous communities in a culturally competent and respectful manner. This means not only being aware of the cultural practices and traditions that shape health behaviors but also actively listening to community members and empowering them to take control of their health. There are a selection of resources to support you in your practice. The National Aboriginal Diabetes Association (NADA)  is an Indigenous-led organization committed to diabetes prevention and management through culturally relevant education, advocacy, community programming, and resources such as toolkits, webinars, and community stories tailored to Indigenous populations. The National Collaborating Centre for Indigenous Health (NCCIH)  offers evidence-based reports and tools focused on Indigenous health, including the prevention of chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes and their social determinants. The Canadian Medical Association – Indigenous Health section provides physicians with policy frameworks and clinical tools to support culturally responsive care and promote health equity. The Indigenous Physicians Association of Canada (IPAC)  draws upon ancestral knowledge and community connection to support Indigenous medical students, residents, and physicians through mentorship, advocacy, and health resources that promote physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual wellness. When last did you refresh your familiarity of the Diabetes Canada guidelines for T2D in Indigenous Peoples? Here's a short recap. By incorporating cultural safety training  and advocating for improved access to care, healthcare professionals can play a vital role in reducing the prevalence of T2D among Indigenous Peoples. It is also crucial to collaborate with community leaders and organizations, such as NADA, to ensure that healthcare practices are aligned with the needs and values of Indigenous communities. Where to From Here As we recognize Canadian Indigenous History Month, let us commit to deepening our understanding of the health challenges faced by Indigenous communities. By supporting culturally safe and appropriate care, we can help reduce the burden of T2D and other chronic conditions. Through education, awareness, and partnership, we can work toward a future where all Canadians, regardless of their background, have the opportunity to lead healthy, fulfilling lives. For healthcare providers, this is an invitation to engage in ongoing learning and to advocate for Indigenous health. The resilience and strength of Indigenous communities are a testament to the power of culture, tradition, and collective action. Let’s honor that resilience by doing our part in improving the health and well-being of Indigenous Peoples across Canada.

T2D poses a significant health challenge worldwide, prompting innovative approaches to its management. A recent study conducted by the University of British Columbia and England’s Teesside University delved into the effectiveness of a pharmacist-led therapeutic carbohydrate and energy restriction (Pharm-TCR) intervention in T2D management, shedding light on its transformative potential. Study Overview The study, conducted as a pragmatic community-based randomized controlled trial, engaged 12 community pharmacies across southern British Columbia, Canada . With ethics approval from the UBC Clinical Research Ethics Board and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03181165), the trial enrolled 98 participants with T2D and spanned a duration of 12 weeks. Key Findings The Pharm-TCR intervention showcased promising outcomes, with 35.7% of participants discontinuing all glucose-lowering medications , compared to none in the treatment-as-usual (TAU) group. Moreover, significant improvements were observed in various cardiometabolic health markers, including reductions in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and blood pressure, alongside favorable changes in HbA1c levels . Implications for Community Care The study underscores the pivotal role of community pharmacists in delivering impactful dietary interventions for T2D management. By effectively implementing the Pharm-TCR intervention, pharmacists can safely reduce or eliminate glucose-lowering medications , thereby enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life. Future Directions While the study yields promising results, future research endeavors should focus on elucidating the long-term sustainability of these improvements and optimizing the delivery of therapeutic nutrition. Integrating community pharmacists into T2D care teams holds immense potential for enhancing patient care and fostering multidisciplinary collaboration. Conclusion In essence, the study highlights the transformative potential of pharmacist-led dietary interventions in T2D management, emphasizing the pivotal role of community-based care in improving cardiometabolic health outcomes. By harnessing the expertise of community pharmacists , we can pave the way for a brighter future in T2D management and empower individuals to take control of their health journey. Implications The integration of dietary interventions into routine T2D care holds promise in empowering patients and transforming their health outcomes. Pharmacists , as accessible healthcare providers, can play a significant role in diabetes management and remission. For comprehensive study summary, refer to the UBC news article . 🌟